<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762</id><updated>2012-01-24T20:31:44.111-08:00</updated><category term='polímeros biodegradables'/><category term='silicio'/><category term='Si=Si'/><category term='qc203'/><category term='Hg2+'/><category term='carbono'/><category term='news'/><category term='Los novel en química de los ultimos mmm... 100 años 0.o'/><category term='microscopios'/><category term='Grafeno'/><category term='University of Harvard'/><category term='manganeso'/><category term='compuesto coordinacion'/><category term='feynman'/><category term='biocombustibles'/><category term='espacio'/><category term='futuros 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Texas'/><category term='Ley de los gases'/><category term='aductos Diels-Alder'/><category term='posteos'/><category term='tabla periódica'/><category term='LiIon'/><category term='quién tiene el pez'/><category term='Alzheimer'/><category term='Inorganic Chemistry'/><category term='química'/><category term='Ainan Celeste Cawley'/><category term='Detector de explosivos'/><category term='fotografía electrón'/><category term='RMN medicinal'/><category term='luminiscencia'/><category term='Biodiesel'/><category term='atmósfera'/><category term='Equilibrio químico'/><category term='importancia biológica e ind.'/><category term='LHC'/><category term='motores'/><category term='University of Florida'/><category term='UC Davis News and Information'/><category term='metalica'/><category term='Purificación'/><category term='medicina nuclear'/><category term='QI1'/><category term='magnetic field'/><category term='pH'/><category term='fuerzas intermoleculares'/><category term='clusters'/><category term='arsenico'/><category term='Quimica Inorganica I'/><category term='wireless electricity'/><category term='quantum chemistry'/><category term='ligante voluminoso'/><category term='estancias de investigacion'/><category term='antibacterial'/><category term='ciencia'/><category term='café'/><category term='superficies hidrofóbicas'/><category term='satellite'/><category term='mind'/><category term='Quimica Inorgánica II'/><category term='cáncer'/><category term='wired'/><category term='Quimica Analitica Instrumental II'/><category term='2011'/><category term='mafias'/><category term='electrónica'/><category term='Di'/><category term='líquidos'/><category term='ADN'/><category term='qc440'/><category term='metalurgia'/><category term='electrodes'/><category term='rompecerebro'/><category term='excesos'/><category term='microscopía'/><category term='Space junk'/><category term='soluciones saturadas y sobresaturadas'/><category term='biologos'/><category term='ozono'/><category term='switch'/><category term='año internacional de la química'/><category term='FAA'/><category term='QIA'/><category term='Nasa'/><category term='cloruro'/><category term='neodimio'/><category term='Siemens'/><category term='batteries'/><category term='influenza'/><category term='reforma'/><category term='oxigeno'/><category term='aromaticidad'/><category term='catalizador de paladio'/><category term='Alfred Werner'/><category term='primavera 2010'/><category term='agua'/><category term='indiana'/><category term='gravedad'/><category term='maquillaje'/><category term='memoria corta'/><category term='cristalización'/><category term='marte'/><category term='Hidrógeno'/><category term='Meteorito'/><category term='descubrimientos'/><category term='examenes'/><category term='anode'/><category term='nanotecnología'/><category term='cosmeticos'/><category term='nueva molécula'/><category term='adenosina'/><category term='2010'/><category term='fluorescencia'/><category term='nanorods'/><category term='amor'/><category term='blog'/><category term='Quimica Nuclear'/><category term='pilas de azúcar'/><category term='robot-químicos'/><category term='acetato de zirconio'/><category term='compuesto iónico'/><category term='Mercurio'/><category term='quimica'/><category term='Tirosina'/><category term='burocracio'/><category term='metal alcalino terreo'/><category term='desechos tóxicos'/><category term='Química inorgánica'/><category term='toxico'/><category term='cristales'/><category term='reacciones'/><category term='electrochemistry'/><category term='joke'/><category term='Physical Review Letters'/><category term='Catálisis Homogénea'/><category term='materiales'/><category term='ionico'/><category term='hidrocarburos'/><category term='Plomo'/><category term='nanomateriales'/><category term='CO2 ambiente Captura'/><category term='metanol'/><title type='text'>Al-Químicos</title><subtitle type='html'>Blog de cursos y estudiantes de Químicas del Departamento de Ciencias Quimico-Biológicas en la Universidad de las Américas Puebla.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>Miguel Mendez Rojas</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='23' src='http://hosting.udlap.mx/profesores/miguela.mendez/alephzero/minilogo.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>1495</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-9009651826835776213</id><published>2011-12-12T12:08:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-12T12:15:26.465-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='trabajos finales'/><title type='text'>El juego del huesped</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="width:477px" id="__ss_10565375"&gt;&lt;strong style="display:block;margin:12px 0 4px"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/sudpepe/el-juego-del-huesped-10565375" title="El juego del huesped"&gt;El juego del huesped&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;object id="__sse10565375" width="477" height="510"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/doc_player.swf?doc=eljuegodelhuesped-111212141227-phpapp01&amp;stripped_title=el-juego-del-huesped-10565375&amp;userName=sudpepe" /&gt;&lt;param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/&gt;&lt;param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"/&gt;&lt;embed name="__sse10565375" src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/doc_player.swf?doc=eljuegodelhuesped-111212141227-phpapp01&amp;stripped_title=el-juego-del-huesped-10565375&amp;userName=sudpepe" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" wmode="transparent" width="477" height="510"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div style="padding:5px 0 12px"&gt;View more &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/"&gt;documents&lt;/a&gt; from &lt;a href="http://www.slideshare.net/sudpepe"&gt;José Juárez&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-9009651826835776213?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/9009651826835776213/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=9009651826835776213' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/9009651826835776213'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/9009651826835776213'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/el-juego-del-huesped.html' title='El juego del huesped'/><author><name>sudpepe</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08031036187566329471</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3438053803682569512</id><published>2011-12-04T10:38:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-04T10:39:44.224-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='trabajos finales'/><title type='text'>Delirium</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; "&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;&lt;b&gt;DELIRIUM&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Los altavoces de la sala de espera de la aerolínea AirElements anuncian el momento de abordar el vuelo a Normandia, Francia. En la cabina de primera clase la azafata se presenta con cada uno de los pasajeros, “Buena tarde señor Louis Nicolas Vauquelin”, el señor incomodado por la formalidad recibida, le responde de manera templada como un metal mientras que la tenue luz suavizaba el momento, “Madame, por favor llámeme Be”, en ese momento la azafata supo que de los 118 pasajeros el del lugar 4 era especial. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;El avión despego, el señor Be leía un libro y tomaba notas muy especificas, en momentos parecía arrepentirse y tachaba sobre la hoja, claramente le apuraba terminar el libro ya que no paro, hasta el momento en que el aroma de la cena lo desconcentró. A su lado se encontraba la azafata con una suave mirada y una charola en manos, Be solo dejo su libro y sonrió diciendo “Madame usted sabe mi nombre pero yo no se el suyo” la azafata de origen francés se sonrojo contestando en voz baja “Señor me llamo Marie Curie, me permite servirle algo de tomar”, impresionado por su nombre tomo la charla y contesto “Marie sorprendame”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Marie nerviosa caminó a la parte de trasera del avión, donde sirvió un vaso con dos hielos y un Valencia Reserva Especial, solo usado para los pasajeros más importantes. Al momento de servir el vaso le comento “Señor esta es una reserva especial le recomiendo que no espere más de dos minutos para tomarlo ya que se oxida y el sabor cambia”, una fija mirada se presento junto con un silencio confortable, momento que fue interrumpido cuando el pasajero del asiento 11 grito cuando un vaso de agua le callo encima. Marie corrió a asistir al pasajero 11, Be regresó a su libro, mientras lentamente bebía. Una y otra vez leía el mismo párrafo pero no lograba concentrar sus ideas, lo único que tenía en mente eran los ojos de Marie. Con una fuerte reacción, como un impulso eléctrico, azoto el vaso en la mesa, le dio un trago y antes de azotar de nuevo el vaso, se repitió en la mente “Be concentrate en la misión, no hay espacio para errores”, dejo el vaso suavemente y regreso a su lectura. Agarro la servilleta de la comida y con una pluma empezó a dibujar un plano, una y otra vez regresaba al libro a corroborar las medidas, .90 x  .31 x 1.12. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;El capitán anunció que a partir de ese momento ya podían hacer uso de equipos electrónicos, Be saco su computadora y comenzó a capturar toda la información, un programa muy moderno mostraba una estructura compleja, para acabar solo requería de la configuración electrónica, la cual tras una hora de estudiar su libro la obtuvo, 1s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 8.0px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;2s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 8.0px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;, código que no dejo pasar ya que rápidamente se lo apunto en la mano. Marie se acerco ofreciendo de manera sigilosa más licor, Be con un movimiento de mano le indico “no más”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Se encontraban volando a 2,770 pies sobre el nivel del mar, Be sabia que tenia que esperar a que el avión llegara a 1,277 pies. Se paro y camino a la parte trasera del avión, paro cuando vio que el pasajero del asiento 13 era tres veces más grande que él, lo único que le paso por la mente fue “si yo peso 9g seguro esté pesa como 26g”, el pasajero torno la mirada a el y sonrió, Be impactado solo regreso la sonrisa y continuo su camino. Al pasar por el asiento numero 29 Be tropieza con una maleta que estaba fuera de lugar, un señor moreno apenado por el hecho le ayuda a levantarse y se disculpa, Be se levanta rápidamente comentando, “no se preocupe, fue mi error, tantas horas sentado tal parece que ya no se como caminar, por suerte esto acabara pronto” Be se acomodo la ropa y continuo su camino. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Al llegar al fondo del avión vio a Marie sentada tomando un vaso con agua, Be no pudo resistir el sentarse a su lado, Marie sorprendida y sonrojada dijo, “Señor en que le puedo ayudar” Be de manera suave contesto, “Deja atrás las formalidades que con tu mirada me atas y bien lo sabes” Marie no se pudo contener y una carcajada soltó, Be acerco su mano a la de Marie, con tan solo las yemas de los dedos Be comenzó a acariciar la mano de Marie, ella nerviosa y el solo mostraba firmeza y una compleja mirada la cual no podía resistir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Sin pensarlo dos veces Marie cerro los ojos, Be inclino la cabeza lentamente, con forme se acerco a los labios de Marie cerró los ojos y empezó a besarla suavemente, con un gentil beso de boca cerrada, Marie puso su brazos al rededor de la cabeza de Be, con una mano sobre la cabeza de Be, comenzó a alborotarle el cabello, el único sonido, la respiración de ambos. Be se había dado cuenta que estaba enamorado. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Con una misión en mente por cumplir, Be no espero un momento más y abrazando a Marie se levanto susurrando al oído de Marie. Abrió la puerta del baño, Marie impulsada por el sentimiento entro al baño, sus ojos ardían de pasión, mientras que con las yemas de sus dedos recorría el cuerpo de la mujer, provocando un descontrolado río de sensaciones que hasta ese momento nunca antes había experimentado, sus cuerpos rozaban delicada y apasionadamente mientras sus labios se unían, experimentaban lo prohibido, no importaba lo que pasara en ese momento solo eran ellos dos, ya estaban unidos, no había vuelta atrás, Be conoció lo que era el amor. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;El capitán anuncio el descenso, Be sabia que el final estaba por llegar, Marie apresurada por estar preparada para el aterrizaje comenzó a vestirse, Be la abrazo y le dijo “Mi verdadero nombre es Fredrich Wohler. Hoy he nacido, tu me as hecho vivir” Marie desconcertada contesto “Be no comprendo que me quieres decir, como que tu nombre es Fredrich” Be extendió sus brazos, la rodio y abrazo, susurrando le al oído “Te amo…”, el reloj marcaba las 22:30 horas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Nota del periódico del día siguiente:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: center; text-indent: 28.3px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Ataque terrorista&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;La Union Europea se encuentra de luto. El gobierno investiga como un terrorista abordo el avión portando explosivos, tras pasar los rayos x del aeropuerto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Las primeras investigaciones muestran que el ataque terrorista con berilio responsable de daños en vías respiratorias, desarrollo de cáncer y daños en el ADN sufrido por los habitantes de la zona fue causado por una bomba en el avión que se desplomo a las 22:30 horas el día de ayer. Hasta el momento el gobierno sospecha de un pasajero conocido como Be, se cree que contaba con un cómplice que hasta el momento se desconoce su identidad. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Nombre                       Berilio &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Número Atómico           4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Valencia                       2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Estado de oxidación     +2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Electronegatividad        1.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Radio Covalente           0.90&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Radio  Ionico                0.31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Ratio atómico               1.12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Configuración electrónica    1s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 8.0px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;2s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font: 8.0px Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Masa atómica               9,0122&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Densidad                      1.85&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Punto de ebullición        2770&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Punto de fusión             1277&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;Descubridor                   Fredrich Wohler  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="letter-spacing: 0.6px"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3438053803682569512?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3438053803682569512/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3438053803682569512' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3438053803682569512'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3438053803682569512'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/delirium.html' title='Delirium'/><author><name>Humberto Sanchez de Cima C.</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11787953067661771539</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_U7OgQhTBfiQ/TGHxIwpgFSI/AAAAAAAAAAM/7uOHRp7pjWM/S220/Eventos+-+1726.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-175002127359687606</id><published>2011-12-02T11:14:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T11:16:31.108-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Environmentalists worried about nano-silver</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 style="margin-top: 0.25em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: ProximaNovaBold, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 2.5em; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p class="published" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.833em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 0.9167em; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Verdana, 'Lucida Grande', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;Updated &lt;span class="timestamp" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; 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outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; z-index: 106; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; "&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; position: absolute; z-index: 0; left: 0px; top: 0px; "&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; width: 340px; height: 191px; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js/StaticMapService.GetMapImage?1m2&amp;amp;1i7225&amp;amp;2i4931&amp;amp;2e1&amp;amp;3u5&amp;amp;4m2&amp;amp;1u340&amp;amp;2u191&amp;amp;5m3&amp;amp;1e0&amp;amp;2b1&amp;amp;5ses-ES&amp;amp;token=77051" style="margin-top: 0px; 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outline-color: initial; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; z-index: 1; "&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; position: absolute; left: -57px; top: 189px; width: 256px; height: 256px; -webkit-transition-property: opacity; -webkit-transition-duration: 200ms; -webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-out; -webkit-transition-delay: initial; opacity: 1; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://mt0.googleapis.com/vt?lyrs=m@164000000&amp;amp;src=apiv3&amp;amp;hl=es-ES&amp;amp;x=28&amp;amp;y=20&amp;amp;z=5&amp;amp;apistyle=s.t%3A82%7Cp.s%3A-100%2Cs.t%3A81%7Cp.h%3A%23E2E1DE%7Cp.s%3A-30%7Cp.l%3A-1%2Cs.t%3A2%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.s%3A-70%7Cp.l%3A42%2Cs.t%3A33%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A39%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A37%7Cp.v%3Asimplified%2Cs.t%3A40%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A35%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A49%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.s%3A-100%2Cs.t%3A49%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.s%3A-75%7Cp.l%3A95%7Cp.g%3A0.05%2Cs.t%3A50%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.l%3A30%7Cp.s%3A-99%2Cs.t%3A50%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.s%3A-85%7Cp.l%3A95%7Cp.g%3A0.04%2Cs.t%3A6%7Cp.h%3A%239CBBE0%7Cp.s%3A-20%7Cp.l%3A10&amp;amp;s=&amp;amp;style=api%7Csmartmaps" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-color: initial; display: block; -webkit-user-select: none; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; width: 256px; height: 256px; " /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; position: absolute; left: -57px; top: -67px; width: 256px; height: 256px; -webkit-transition-property: opacity; -webkit-transition-duration: 200ms; -webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-out; -webkit-transition-delay: initial; opacity: 1; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://mt0.googleapis.com/vt?lyrs=m@164000000&amp;amp;src=apiv3&amp;amp;hl=es-ES&amp;amp;x=28&amp;amp;y=19&amp;amp;z=5&amp;amp;apistyle=s.t%3A82%7Cp.s%3A-100%2Cs.t%3A81%7Cp.h%3A%23E2E1DE%7Cp.s%3A-30%7Cp.l%3A-1%2Cs.t%3A2%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.s%3A-70%7Cp.l%3A42%2Cs.t%3A33%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A39%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A37%7Cp.v%3Asimplified%2Cs.t%3A40%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A35%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A49%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.s%3A-100%2Cs.t%3A49%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.s%3A-75%7Cp.l%3A95%7Cp.g%3A0.05%2Cs.t%3A50%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.l%3A30%7Cp.s%3A-99%2Cs.t%3A50%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.s%3A-85%7Cp.l%3A95%7Cp.g%3A0.04%2Cs.t%3A6%7Cp.h%3A%239CBBE0%7Cp.s%3A-20%7Cp.l%3A10&amp;amp;s=Galileo&amp;amp;style=api%7Csmartmaps" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-color: initial; display: block; -webkit-user-select: none; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; width: 256px; height: 256px; " /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; position: absolute; left: 199px; top: -67px; width: 256px; height: 256px; -webkit-transition-property: opacity; -webkit-transition-duration: 200ms; -webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-out; -webkit-transition-delay: initial; opacity: 1; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://mt1.googleapis.com/vt?lyrs=m@164000000&amp;amp;src=apiv3&amp;amp;hl=es-ES&amp;amp;x=29&amp;amp;y=19&amp;amp;z=5&amp;amp;apistyle=s.t%3A82%7Cp.s%3A-100%2Cs.t%3A81%7Cp.h%3A%23E2E1DE%7Cp.s%3A-30%7Cp.l%3A-1%2Cs.t%3A2%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.s%3A-70%7Cp.l%3A42%2Cs.t%3A33%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A39%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A37%7Cp.v%3Asimplified%2Cs.t%3A40%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A35%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A49%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.s%3A-100%2Cs.t%3A49%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.s%3A-75%7Cp.l%3A95%7Cp.g%3A0.05%2Cs.t%3A50%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.l%3A30%7Cp.s%3A-99%2Cs.t%3A50%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.s%3A-85%7Cp.l%3A95%7Cp.g%3A0.04%2Cs.t%3A6%7Cp.h%3A%239CBBE0%7Cp.s%3A-20%7Cp.l%3A10&amp;amp;s=Ga&amp;amp;style=api%7Csmartmaps" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-color: initial; display: block; -webkit-user-select: none; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; width: 256px; height: 256px; " /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; position: absolute; left: -313px; top: 189px; width: 256px; height: 256px; -webkit-transition-property: opacity; -webkit-transition-duration: 200ms; -webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-out; -webkit-transition-delay: initial; opacity: 1; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://mt1.googleapis.com/vt?lyrs=m@164000000&amp;amp;src=apiv3&amp;amp;hl=es-ES&amp;amp;x=27&amp;amp;y=20&amp;amp;z=5&amp;amp;apistyle=s.t%3A82%7Cp.s%3A-100%2Cs.t%3A81%7Cp.h%3A%23E2E1DE%7Cp.s%3A-30%7Cp.l%3A-1%2Cs.t%3A2%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.s%3A-70%7Cp.l%3A42%2Cs.t%3A33%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A39%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A37%7Cp.v%3Asimplified%2Cs.t%3A40%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A35%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A49%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.s%3A-100%2Cs.t%3A49%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.s%3A-75%7Cp.l%3A95%7Cp.g%3A0.05%2Cs.t%3A50%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.l%3A30%7Cp.s%3A-99%2Cs.t%3A50%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.s%3A-85%7Cp.l%3A95%7Cp.g%3A0.04%2Cs.t%3A6%7Cp.h%3A%239CBBE0%7Cp.s%3A-20%7Cp.l%3A10&amp;amp;s=Galil&amp;amp;style=api%7Csmartmaps" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-color: initial; display: block; -webkit-user-select: none; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; width: 256px; height: 256px; " /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; position: absolute; left: -313px; top: -67px; width: 256px; height: 256px; -webkit-transition-property: opacity; -webkit-transition-duration: 200ms; -webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-out; -webkit-transition-delay: initial; opacity: 1; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://mt1.googleapis.com/vt?lyrs=m@164000000&amp;amp;src=apiv3&amp;amp;hl=es-ES&amp;amp;x=27&amp;amp;y=19&amp;amp;z=5&amp;amp;apistyle=s.t%3A82%7Cp.s%3A-100%2Cs.t%3A81%7Cp.h%3A%23E2E1DE%7Cp.s%3A-30%7Cp.l%3A-1%2Cs.t%3A2%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.s%3A-70%7Cp.l%3A42%2Cs.t%3A33%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A39%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A37%7Cp.v%3Asimplified%2Cs.t%3A40%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A35%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A49%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.s%3A-100%2Cs.t%3A49%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.s%3A-75%7Cp.l%3A95%7Cp.g%3A0.05%2Cs.t%3A50%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.l%3A30%7Cp.s%3A-99%2Cs.t%3A50%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.s%3A-85%7Cp.l%3A95%7Cp.g%3A0.04%2Cs.t%3A6%7Cp.h%3A%239CBBE0%7Cp.s%3A-20%7Cp.l%3A10&amp;amp;s=Gali&amp;amp;style=api%7Csmartmaps" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-color: initial; display: block; -webkit-user-select: none; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; width: 256px; height: 256px; " /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; position: absolute; left: 199px; top: 189px; width: 256px; height: 256px; -webkit-transition-property: opacity; -webkit-transition-duration: 200ms; -webkit-transition-timing-function: ease-out; -webkit-transition-delay: initial; opacity: 1; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://mt1.googleapis.com/vt?lyrs=m@164000000&amp;amp;src=apiv3&amp;amp;hl=es-ES&amp;amp;x=29&amp;amp;y=20&amp;amp;z=5&amp;amp;apistyle=s.t%3A82%7Cp.s%3A-100%2Cs.t%3A81%7Cp.h%3A%23E2E1DE%7Cp.s%3A-30%7Cp.l%3A-1%2Cs.t%3A2%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.s%3A-70%7Cp.l%3A42%2Cs.t%3A33%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A39%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A37%7Cp.v%3Asimplified%2Cs.t%3A40%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A35%7Cp.v%3Aoff%2Cs.t%3A49%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.s%3A-100%2Cs.t%3A49%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.s%3A-75%7Cp.l%3A95%7Cp.g%3A0.05%2Cs.t%3A50%7Cs.e%3Ag%7Cp.l%3A30%7Cp.s%3A-99%2Cs.t%3A50%7Cs.e%3Al%7Cp.s%3A-85%7Cp.l%3A95%7Cp.g%3A0.04%2Cs.t%3A6%7Cp.h%3A%239CBBE0%7Cp.s%3A-20%7Cp.l%3A10&amp;amp;s=Gal&amp;amp;style=api%7Csmartmaps" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-color: initial; display: block; -webkit-user-select: none; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; width: 256px; height: 256px; " /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 2px; margin-right: 5px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; z-index: 1000000; position: absolute; left: 0px; bottom: 0px; "&gt;&lt;a title="Haz clic aquí para visualizar esta zona en Google Maps" target="_blank" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=-37.8099,144.9622&amp;amp;z=5&amp;amp;t=m&amp;amp;hl=es-ES" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 51, 204); text-decoration: none; position: static; overflow-x: visible; overflow-y: visible; float: none; display: inline; "&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; width: 62px; height: 24px; cursor: pointer; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://maps.gstatic.com/mapfiles/google_white.png" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; display: block; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; -webkit-user-select: none; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; width: 62px; height: 24px; " /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; z-index: 1000001; position: absolute; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; "&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 50px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; height: 19px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); white-space: nowrap; direction: ltr; -webkit-user-select: none; line-height: 19px; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 0px, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.496094) 50px); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; text-align: right; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;&lt;a style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; text-decoration: underline; cursor: pointer; "&gt;Datos de mapa&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; "&gt; - &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.google.com/intl/es-ES_US/help/terms_maps.html" target="_blank" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); cursor: pointer; "&gt;Términos de uso&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="gmnoprint" controlwidth="32" controlheight="84" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; -webkit-user-select: none; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; "&gt;&lt;div controlwidth="32" controlheight="40" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; cursor: url(http://maps.gstatic.com/mapfiles/openhand_8_8.cur), default; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; "&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; width: 32px; height: 40px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://maps.gstatic.com/mapfiles/cb/mod_cb_scout/cb_scout_sprite_api_003.png" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-color: initial; display: block; position: absolute; left: -9px; top: -102px; -webkit-user-select: none; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; -webkit-user-drag: none; width: 1029px; height: 255px; " /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; width: 32px; height: 40px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; visibility: hidden; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://maps.gstatic.com/mapfiles/cb/mod_cb_scout/cb_scout_sprite_api_003.png" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-color: initial; display: block; position: absolute; left: -107px; top: -102px; -webkit-user-select: none; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; -webkit-user-drag: none; width: 1029px; height: 255px; " /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; width: 32px; height: 40px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; visibility: hidden; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://maps.gstatic.com/mapfiles/cb/mod_cb_scout/cb_scout_sprite_api_003.png" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-color: initial; display: block; position: absolute; left: -58px; top: -102px; -webkit-user-select: none; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; -webkit-user-drag: none; width: 1029px; height: 255px; " /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; width: 32px; height: 40px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; visibility: hidden; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://maps.gstatic.com/mapfiles/cb/mod_cb_scout/cb_scout_sprite_api_003.png" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-color: initial; display: block; position: absolute; left: -205px; top: -102px; -webkit-user-select: none; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; -webkit-user-drag: none; width: 1029px; height: 255px; " /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="gmnoprint" controlwidth="22" controlheight="39" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; position: absolute; left: 5px; top: 45px; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://maps.gstatic.com/mapfiles/szc4.png" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-color: initial; display: block; -webkit-user-select: none; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; width: 22px; height: 39px; " /&gt;&lt;div title="Acerca la imagen" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 22px; height: 17px; cursor: pointer; "&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div title="Aleja la imagen" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 18px; width: 22px; height: 17px; cursor: pointer; "&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="gmnoprint" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 5px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 5px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; z-index: 0; position: absolute; cursor: pointer; width: 85px; right: 0px; top: 0px; "&gt;&lt;div title="Cambiar estilo de mapa" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 1px; padding-right: 6px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 6px; word-wrap: break-word; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: initial; direction: ltr; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; position: relative; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: 13px; -webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.398438) 0px 2px 4px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.398438) 0px 2px 4px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(113, 123, 135); border-right-color: rgb(113, 123, 135); border-bottom-color: rgb(113, 123, 135); border-left-color: rgb(113, 123, 135); background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://maps.gstatic.com/mapfiles/arrow-down.png" style="margin-top: -2px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-color: initial; display: block; -webkit-user-select: none; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; position: absolute; right: 6px; top: 50%; width: 7px; height: 4px; " /&gt;Mapa&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a class="inline-caption" href="http://maps.google.com/?q=-37.8099,144.9622(Melbourne%203000)&amp;amp;z=5" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 51, 204); text-decoration: none; display: block; "&gt;&lt;strong style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; font-size: 0.85em; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-transform: uppercase; "&gt;MAP: &lt;/strong&gt;Melbourne 3000&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="first" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.833em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, 'Lucida Grande', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;Environmentalists want the Federal Government to investigate the health effects of the use of a common antibacterial ingredient.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.833em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, 'Lucida Grande', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;Nano-silver has antibacterial properties and is used in a range of products including socks, children's toys and soap.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.833em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, 'Lucida Grande', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;A report from Friends of the Earth said some of Australia's top microbiologists are worried about excessive use of the chemical.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.833em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, 'Lucida Grande', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;The group's nanotechnology spokesman, Dr Gregory Crocetti, said the products could contribute to antibiotic-resistant viruses, which are responsible for a growing number of deaths.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.833em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, 'Lucida Grande', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;"Now in Australian hospitals we see about 7,000 deaths from antibiotic resistant bacteria, these superbugs," he said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.833em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, 'Lucida Grande', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;"So these leading microbiologists are warning that this is just going to make this problem even worse."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.833em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, 'Lucida Grande', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;Dr Crocetti said the Government should regulate the use of nano-silver.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.833em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, 'Lucida Grande', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;"These products could easily say containing nano-silver, if the companies were forced to brand that on their products, they could label that.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.833em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, 'Lucida Grande', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;"The Government needs to conduct some tests into that. There's been no testing into the use of silver or nano-silver products in the history of Australian regulation," he said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-175002127359687606?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/175002127359687606/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=175002127359687606' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/175002127359687606'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/175002127359687606'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/environmentalists-worried-about-nano.html' title='Environmentalists worried about nano-silver'/><author><name>Aldo Sosa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13388452634156515668</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3273435920206510933</id><published>2011-12-02T11:13:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T11:14:24.967-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Nano-test quickly detects cancer</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="byline" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 20px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="author"&gt;AFP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="right" style="float: right !important; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; width: 285px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;div id="storyRelatedMedia" style="width: 285px; position: relative; padding-top: 0.75em !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; "&gt;&lt;div id="storyPhotos" class="photo imgBox" style="position: relative; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;a id="storyPhotosLink" href="http://www.abc.net.au/reslib/200912/r486086_2499148.jpg" style="color: rgb(43, 75, 149); text-decoration: none; "&gt;&lt;img id="storyPhotosImg" src="http://www.abc.net.au/reslib/200912/r486086_2499149.jpg" alt="Drop of blood on finger" class="featureImg" title="Drop of blood on finger" style="border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; cursor: url(http://www.abc.net.au/news/img/2007/zoom_in.cur), pointer; width: auto; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; float: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; position: relative; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(142, 142, 142); border-right-color: rgb(142, 142, 142); border-bottom-color: rgb(142, 142, 142); border-left-color: rgb(142, 142, 142); " /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p id="storyPhotosCaption" class="caption" style="font-size: 0.96em; line-height: 1.45; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(235, 239, 245); padding-top: 0.25em; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-left: 10px; position: relative; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(142, 142, 142); border-right-color: rgb(142, 142, 142); border-bottom-color: rgb(142, 142, 142); border-left-color: rgb(142, 142, 142); "&gt;The test could detect the concentration of a single grain of salt dissolved in a large swimming pool, say rsearchers &lt;em style="font-size: 0.9em; font-style: normal; "&gt;(Source: iStockphoto)&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="related" style="margin-top: 2em !important; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 1em !important; margin-left: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(142, 142, 142); border-right-color: rgb(142, 142, 142); border-bottom-color: rgb(142, 142, 142); border-left-color: rgb(142, 142, 142); "&gt;&lt;h3 style="font-size: 1.1em; line-height: 1.1; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 10px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(235, 239, 245); "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="first" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.35; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 20px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;Scientists have developed a nanosensor for the quick detection of cancers through a simple blood test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.35; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 20px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;A technique developed at &lt;a href="http://www.yale.edu/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(43, 75, 149); text-decoration: none; "&gt;Yale University&lt;/a&gt; in the United States allows scientists to "detect tiny amounts of cancer biomarkers in a small volume of whole blood in just 20 minutes," according to the report in the journal &lt;a href="http://www.nature.com/nnano" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(43, 75, 149); text-decoration: none; "&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nature Nanotechnology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.35; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 20px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;The researchers add that the findings could "dramatically simplify the way physicians test for biomarkers of cancer and other diseases."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.35; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 20px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;The device acts as a filter catching cancer biomarkers, in this case for prostate and breast cancers, on a chip while washing away the rest of the blood.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.35; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 20px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;This allows for detection of extremely small concentrations on the order of picograms (a trillionth of a gram) per millilitre of blood, they say.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.35; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 20px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;"This is the equivalent of being able to detect the concentration of a single grain of salt dissolved in a large swimming pool."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.35; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 20px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;Current cancer tests take several days, but the new device is able to read out biomarker concentrations in a just a few minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.35; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 20px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;"Doctors could have these small, portable devices in their offices and get nearly instant readings," says Tarek Fahmy, one of the leaders of the research team. "They could also carry them into the field and test patients on site."&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.35; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 20px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.35; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 20px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;fuente&lt;a href="http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/12/14/2770555.htm" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; "&gt;http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/12/14/2770555.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3273435920206510933?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3273435920206510933/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3273435920206510933' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3273435920206510933'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3273435920206510933'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/nano-test-quickly-detects-cancer.html' title='Nano-test quickly detects cancer'/><author><name>Aldo Sosa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13388452634156515668</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-1614272826118787502</id><published>2011-12-02T11:08:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T11:13:10.788-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Era un dios llamado Al</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNoSpacing" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Era una vez hace mucho tiempo en la en la tierra, cuando todavía el hombre no evolucionaba, había demasiada vegetación y un sinfín de  especies animales, pero también dentro de el existían   118 dioses llamados “los  elementos”, que hacían catástrofes por todos  los rumbos de la tierra, unos provocaban inundaciones, explosiones, aire venenoso, contaminación, entre muchos otros. Cuando el hombre llega a la etapa de la evolución, donde se convierte en una persona que razona, tiene sentimientos y pensamientos propios. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Es  aquella primera persona que se revela en contra los dioses  y entiende que sus actuaciones no son para bien, que merecen ser atrapados y juzgados por todo lo que han hecho. El hombre con tanta rabia empieza una lucha contra los dioses, se empieza a dar cuenta que los dioses pueden estar en todos lados, que son gigantes, que tiene fuerzas y propiedad que ellos no tienen, pero tras largos años de lucha contra los dioses, uno de los hombre encuentra la forma de atraparlos y encerrar en una cárcel, donde estarían atrapados de por vida.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Uno de los elementos  más buscado como uno de los 118   más peligrosos, era  en ese entonces conocido como  Al, su aspecto físico era metálico,  el era  inconfundible,  ya que él era el tercer elemento más  conocido, por ser prepotente, por crear  distintos tipos de desastres en la tierra, Al tenía en su posesión una  pandilla de villanos que constituían el 8 %  de la corteza terrestre,  se escondía  en lugares rocosos, otra veces en  la vegetación o en el medio animal. Nunca habían  podido sacar de a Al de su escondite,  pero gracias a un traidor de su banda  llamado bauxita los hombres sabrían como sacarlo de su escondite,  algunos métodos por el cual bauxita le dice a los seres humanos como hacer para atrapar a Al,   son llamados Bayer y electrolisis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;El único problema  es  que Al es un dios que pose diferentes habilidades, como su baja densidad , su poderosa resistencia hacia los ataques de corrosión y cuando llega a juntarse con algunos dioses  puede volverse más poderoso en su resistencia mecánica , además de demostrar ser un buen conductor de electricidad y el calor, siendo Al uno de los villanos más abaratados, que por ello  lo solicitan los villanos desde el siglo XX, siendo el dios ,mas alabado  después del acero y siendo   uno de los grupos villanos  que le da atributos a Al para  que pide les ayude en sus  trabajos son los ingenieros mecánicos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Todavía recuerdo el año perfectamente, en  1825 fue capturado Al por un hombre llamado Danés H.C Oerted, el único problema que hubo para capturarlo fue la gran cantidad de energía eléctrica, pero aun así se  encontró la forma de sacarle provecho  a Al,  se le ofreció un trato  a cambio de su muerte, el trato era que ayudaría al ser humano siguiendo  su utilidad de bajo costo, utilizándolo cuanta veces sea, que su ayuda tendría una dilatada vida útil. Lo cual acepto sin pensarlo dos veces, repartiendo en toda la tierra parte de su ser. Pero ese no sería el final de todo, como los demás elementos fueron engañados y encerrados en una prisión de 118 celdas, teniendo con él la celda No. 13, con el apodo de Aluminio. La celda en la que se encontraba Al, apeas fue hecha para sus medidas, pesando 27 umas, con un radio atómico de 118 pm apenas entraba a la celda, la celda fue hecha para soportar su electronegatividad de 1.61. A partir de que Al se encontraba en prisión, lo torturaban  con cambios de temperaturas desde 933k a 2792k, que eran las temperaturas de fusión y ebullición a las que él se veía afectado, sus gritos viajaban por la prisión a una velocidad de 6400 m/s.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:11.5pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt; Es imposible escapar de su celda, una celda de tipo cubica centrada en las caras, que mantenía un calor específico de 900j, además de atrapar sus 3 tipos de personalidad de oxidación. Las partes de su esencia que había dejado en la tierra, eran utilizados para telescopios, papel, latas, aeronáutica, cardería, los seres humanos como venganza encontraron un sinfín de aplicación para el uso de la esencia que había otorgado Al a cambio del trato.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-1614272826118787502?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/1614272826118787502/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=1614272826118787502' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1614272826118787502'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1614272826118787502'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/era-un-dios-llamado-al.html' title='Era un dios llamado Al'/><author><name>Aldo Sosa</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13388452634156515668</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-8109538701631995251</id><published>2011-12-02T10:45:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T10:45:43.688-08:00</updated><title type='text'>El diario del boro</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Hace millones de años hubo una gran explosión, no estuve presente en ella, pero durante mis viajes a través del universo, diferentes seres me han dicho como ocurrió. No recuerdo como nací ni mis primeros años de vida, mi memoria empieza en un lugar oscuro, el universo, yo estaba dormido y al despertar solo me veía viajando por él a una gran velocidad. Yo estaba confundido y desorientado, pero poco a poco vi que no estaba solo, recorría  el Cinturón de Kuiper, junto con otros elementos: el hierro, hidrógeno, etc. acompañando un cometa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Poco a poco fui haciendo amistad con mis compañeros varios de ellos eran iguales, hermanos, pero por lo visto yo no tenía a nadie parecido a mí, no tenía hermanos, y no me agradaba la situación, quería a mi familia, quería tener compañía, no quería estar así, por lo cual tome una decisión, en el siguiente planeta que pasáramos me quedaría a buscarla. Después de varios días llegamos a Neptuno, y yo era feliz, al fin vería a mis hermanos, pero al llegar, me di cuenta que no había nadie ahí, y no me querían, el acetileno  me odiaba, y me molestaba a cada momento, no me sentía a gusto, aparte de que hacía mucho frio, por lo cual seguí con el cometa a través de su paseo por el Universo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Pasamos por varios planetas, pero ninguno me agradaba, eran muy fríos y a mí me encanta el calor, o había elementos que hacían que yo me sintiera mal, no podía hacer amistad con ellos, no me podía mezclar con ellos y eso hacía que me sintiera triste, así que decidí continuar hasta encontrar un lugar donde fuera feliz, donde encontrará alguien con quien estar, con quien mi reacción fue perfecta.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Yo ya perdía la esperanza, ya había pasado suficiente tiempo, solo quería volver a dormir y no despertar, no saber la realidad, mis compañeros de viaje se divertían con sus hermanos y primos, pero yo seguía en esa soledad donde nadie me comprendía, nadie me quería; de pronto un planeta llamó mi atención, era hermoso, y parecía que irradiaba luz propia, pero no podía ser así, había aprendido que los planetas no producían luz, solo los soles y estrellas, entonces que era lo que veía, quería saberlo, necesitaba saberlo, porque parecía que me llamaba. Al irnos acercando fui comprendiendo que era; nunca había vivido esas sensaciones, eran vida y felicidad, cariño y amor, unión y amistad, eran tantas emociones que mis 5 electrones empezaron a excitarse y sentía mariposas en mis neutrones y  protones. Estaba tan feliz que decidí quedarme, me despedí de todos los demás viajantes y seguí mi camino al planeta. Sin embargo cada vez que me iba acercando sentí algo raro en mi estructura, algo no estaba bien, sentí una fuerte explosión en mí mientras caía, cerré mis ojos porque tenía miedo, y solo percibí como me dividía en distintas partes, creo que fueron 2 o nueve, o hasta 13, no estoy seguro solo me sentía débil perdiéndome a mí mismo. Todas las partes eran iguales pero al mismo tiempo diferentes de mí, eran tan parecidas, pero les faltaban neutrones haciendo que se vieran extraños como si les faltara alguna sección. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Cada una de mis partes cayó en un lugar diferente, en este planeta llamado Tierra, unas partes quedaron algo juntas, en Estados Unidos y México, pero algunas otras más alejadas como en Turquía, Rusia y el Tibet. Sentía el cansancio en cada una de mis partes, que aun separadas y diferentes seguíamos siendo uno mismo, pero nos faltaba energía, así que decidimos dormir por un rato, cerramos los ojos y dejamos que el tiempo pasará mientras nosotros recuperábamos fuerzas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;AÑOS DESPUÉS…….&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Poco a poco, cada una de mis partes fue despertando, y conociendo nuevos elementos; éstos por lo visto si me querían, me aceptaban y no me rechazaban, formaba parejas con ellos, en especial con el oxígeno y el nitrógeno, su tamaño, su color, su estado físico me agradaban tanto que decidí reaccionar con ellos, casarme y tener hijos (los boratos, hidruros y demás), a los cuales los llame, boro amorfo, ácido bórico, nitruro de boro, perborato de sodio, trifloruro de boro, etc. Y cada uno de ellos empezó a ser conocido por una criaturas extrañas que vivían en la Tierra, los humanos. Primero salió mi hija la kernita, como la quería, pero como era tan especial que solo le gustaba estar cerca de los volcanes, después mi hijo el boro amorfo decidío ayudar a diferentes civilizaciones antiguas, le encantaba viajar que conoció Egipto, Roma y China, donde se decidió quedar ya que le encantaba  su uso para iluminar el cielo nocturno en conjunto con otros elementos en los fuegos pirotécnicos, dando un color verde muy bonito.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Yo me sentía muy feliz, mis hijos eran únicos y especiales, usados en todo el mundo, era querido, al fin me sentía en casa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;1808…. Año en que todo cambio&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Al final también había decidido salir y lo hice con el ácido bórico, así conocí muchas cosas, estaba en contacto con los humanos, y veía a mis hijos, me los encontraba muy seguido. Era muy utilizado en la comida de los humanos, yo la preservaba por mucho tiempo, y era ahí donde encontraba a mis descendientes formando parte de uvas, zanahorias, manzanas, legumbres, y gran parte de las verduras de hoja verde. La vida era bella, pero un día tres humanos arruinaron mi felicidad. Mientras acompañaba a grandes señores en sus comidas en Francia e Inglaterra, los científicos de esa época, Louis Thenrd, Joseph Gay-Lussac y Sir Humprey Davy decidieron sepárame de mi pareja, y me dejaron solo de nuevo. Otra vez era únicamente boro.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Me sentía como conejillo de Indias, experimentaba conmigo, me hacían sufrir y pasar por muchas situaciones, todo para que al final no me quisieran tanto, solo porque no era metal, era un semiconductor, no hacía reacción con el HCl y HF, necesitaban mucha energía para que cambiará de estado y reaccionara con los pocos elementos que realmente me quieren por como soy, también porque soy un sólido muy duro y un poco flaco, bueno demasiado flaco en comparación de otros elementos, bueno he de decir sufría algo de anorexia en esa época por la tristeza que vivía al estar solo, tanto que mi peso era de 10 g/mol, pero en mi opinión pienso que no me quería por mi color, son unos racistas muchas veces los humanos, yo digo que no me querían porque soy negro. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Yo estaba tan enojado, que hicieron salir lo mejor y lo peor de mí, empecé a invadir a los humanos y mostrarles que servía para muchas cosas, primero me introduje en ellos, tanto que de mí dependía que tuvieran huesos fuertes o desarrollaran la osteoartritis, les ayudaba a tener músculos fuertes y mejoraran sus habilidades de pensamiento y coordinación muscular. Pero lo más importante es que yo era su principal astringente para prevenir infecciones.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;También en las cosas de su vida diaria las domine, era un buen controlador de plagas de cucarachas, hormigas y pulgas, hacía esmaltes para la cubierta de refrigeradores, controlaba los reactores nucleares y era un agente metalúrgico desgasificante, hacía aceros espaciales, fabricaba vidrios, termistores, fibra de vidrio, pero principalmente formaba aleaciones con el hierro para hacer productos de una gran dureza. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Pasando los años…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Ya era necesario para los humanos, me utilizaban tanto que hasta su salud estaba en mis manos, tanto que todo cambio para mí, era tan único y especial que hicieron una química solo para mí, los derechos de igualdad empezaron a protegerme contra el racismo y ya no importaba si era negro, solo importaba que más les podía dar a los humanos, así que decidí transformarme y convertirme en el bórax, un sólido blanco con una pequeña belleza la cuál llamó la atención de los humanos y empezaron a usarlo como detergente de ropa, desinfectante y pesticida. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Me sentía a gusto tanto que deje que siguieran experimentando conmigo, vieron que había 4 formas de separarme de mis parejas, como la reducción de metales en altas temperaturas, o mi reducción de compuestos volátiles por medio de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. También deje que mi familia siguiera creciendo, un señor llamado Mendeleiev me dio unos primos y un  apellido, era de la familia de los Terréos, que aunque mis primos el Aluminio, Galio, Indio y Talio, son tan diferentes a mí, me aceptaron y seguimos llevándonos muy bien en el árbol genealógico, que aún cuando sigue creciendo continuamos estando en el mismo grupo. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Con quien si tenía problemas era con el oxígeno, fuimos tantas veces al consejero marital, el cual era muy bueno, se llama Magnesio, por si algún día necesitan uno, que me quede un poco pobre, ha salvado nuestro matrimonio, pero eso no hizo que las peleas pararan y muchas veces deje la casa para irme con el ácido clorhídrico y después de unas cuantas copas olvidará todos los problemas y me redujera a ser solo hoy.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Pero aparte de eso, seguí con mi vida en la Tierra muy contento, ayudando o perjudicando a los humanos, cada vez que inventaban o descubrían algo ahí estaba.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Millones de años después…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Vi cómo evolucionaron los humanos y cambiaron sus tecnologías, el paso del tiempo no me hacía daño yo seguía estando ahí, reaccionando, casándome con nuevos elementos y teniendo nuevos hijos, hasta que un día tuvo que llegar el fin de la humanidad, pasó lo que ellos llamaban el Apocalipsis, yo como un buen conocedor del espacio por tantas experiencias de mi juventud sabía lo que realmente era, el fin del ciclo de vida del planeta. La Tierra comenzó a subir su temperatura, tantos que los humanos no podían resistir y poco a poco fueron desapareciendo junto con muchas otras cosas, en especial algunos de mis amores, yo estaba tan destrozado porque veía como desaparecía mi felicidad, no lo quería aceptar, realmente me dolía mucho eso, perder todo el amor que tenía ahí, me deje llevar y entre en depresión, lagrimas salían de mí y me iba purificando conforme más energía y calor había, hasta que el calor  y la tristeza fueron tanto que me transforme en un bonito cristal romboédrico de color marrón y me deje morir junto con la Tierra.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-8109538701631995251?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/8109538701631995251/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=8109538701631995251' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/8109538701631995251'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/8109538701631995251'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/el-diario-del-boro.html' title='El diario del boro'/><author><name>Bery-fg</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11768619114997196701</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7jZMSc7s1sA/TfqgksPAilI/AAAAAAAAAAU/5pTq1hkG83c/s220/mas%2Bpeke.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-5794582803038394905</id><published>2011-12-02T09:21:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T09:22:10.919-08:00</updated><title type='text'>TC aplica su conocimiento en nanotecnología a productos para el hábitat</title><content type='html'>El Instituto de Tecnología Cerámica participa en el Proyecto Nanomec, por el que nanoaditivos aplicados a barnices y pinturas mejorarán las propiedades de muebles y productos para el hábitat contra el rayado e impactos. La incorporación de nanocompuestos a los recubrimientos más empleados en el sector del mueble y el hábitat, como son las pinturas y los barnices, dotarán a los productos de estos sectores de nuevas propiedades que los harán más resistentes ante el rayado, abrasiones, impactos y otras características que mejoran la adherencia, la elasticidad, el brillo o el color, entre otras. La iniciativa propone el estudio pormenorizado de los efectos de la adición de nanocompuestos a los barnices y recubrimientos más empleados del sector del mueble y el hábitat con el objetivo de conferirles elevadas prestaciones mecánicas, mejorando así la calidad del producto y ampliando los usos actuales de los mismos, según indican los investigadores del Instituto Tecnológico del Mueble, Madera, Embalaje y Afines, AIDIMA, centro coordinador de la investigación.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-5794582803038394905?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/5794582803038394905/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=5794582803038394905' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5794582803038394905'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5794582803038394905'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/tc-aplica-su-conocimiento-en.html' title='TC aplica su conocimiento en nanotecnología a productos para el hábitat'/><author><name>Joab Lira</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08489104941090452038</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-5168381286790068684</id><published>2011-12-02T09:13:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T09:13:45.594-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Manera eficaz de fabricar rayos ultra violeta</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="date"&gt;01.12.2011:&lt;/span&gt; Las fuentes de luz ultravioleta actuales tienen hambre de poder, son voluminosas y caras. La Universidad de Michigan ha encontrado una manera mejor de construir fuentes de luz ultravioleta compactas con bajo consumo de energía que podría mejorar la información de almacenamiento, microscopía  y los análisis  químicos. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Un artículo sobre esta investigación se publicó recientemente en  la revista Optics Express. La investigación fue dirigida por Mona Jarrahiy  y Tal Carmon, profesores asistentes del Departamento de Ingenería Eléctrica y Ciencias de la Computación. El experimento fue realizado por Jeremy Moore y Matthew Tomes, ambos estudiantes de posgrado del mismo departamento.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;Los investigadores han optimizado un tipo de resonador óptico para tomar la señal de infrarrojos de unos láser relativamente baratos y compatibles en telecomunicaciones, con bajo consumo de energía, procesos no lineales,  impulsándolo a un haz de luz ultravioleta de alta energía.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Su resonador óptico es un disco a escala milímetrica con una forma de ingeniería de alta precisión y pulido suave de superficie  para fomentar que el rayo entrante gane energía mientras circula en el resonador. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Optimizamos la estructura para alcanzar una alta ganancia sobre una amplia gama de longitudes de onda óptica", dijo Jarahi. "Esto nos permite hacer fuentes de ultravioleta de bajo costo, con longitud de onda sintonizable usando niveles de energía del infrarrojo".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Los investigadores usaron su resonador para generar la cuarta armónica del haz infrarrojo con la cual empezaron.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Como las distorsiones armónicas que se obtienen de nuevas frecuencias de sonido cuando uno sube el volumen de un altoparlante, los ingenieros pueden generar armónicas de luz usando los materiales adecuados. Al enviar los haces de luz a través de un medio no lineal pueden causar haces desprendidos que son dobles, o en este caso, cuadruples de la frecuencia y energía del haz de entrada, y con un cuarto de la longitud de onda original.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La generación de láser se torna progresivamente más difícil e ineficiente a medida que los ingenieros buscan longitudes de onda más cortas, indicaron los investigadores.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Cuando pasamos del verde al azul disminuye la eficiencia del láser, y llegar al láser ultravioleta es aún más difícil", dijo Jarahhi. "Este principio fue sugerido inicialmente por Einstein y es la razón por la cual los punteros de láser verde no contienen, en realidad, un láser verde. Es en cambio un láser rojo y su longitud de onda se ha dividido en dos para convertirse en luz verde".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Las fuentes de luz ultravioleta tienen duplicaciones en la detección química, las imágenes médicas más precisas y la litografía más fina para circuitos integrados más avanzados y una mayor capacidad de memoria en las computadoras.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-5168381286790068684?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/5168381286790068684/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=5168381286790068684' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5168381286790068684'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5168381286790068684'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/manera-eficaz-de-fabricar-rayos-ultra.html' title='Manera eficaz de fabricar rayos ultra violeta'/><author><name>Joab Lira</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08489104941090452038</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-160985505657780447</id><published>2011-12-02T08:58:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:59:28.325-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Bacteria Destroying Nanoparticle Developed by IBN and IBM Named as a Top 10 World Changing Idea</title><content type='html'>&lt;style&gt;@font-face {   font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }&lt;/style&gt;     &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Una nanopartícula capaz de destruir bacterias resistentes a medicamentos, desarrollada por IBN y IBM ha sido nombrada como u a de las 10 ideas capaces de cambiar al mundo según un reporte de&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Scientific American en su Technology Special Report de diciembre de 2011.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;El artículo origina, publicado en Nature Chemestry, se mencionan su especial importancia en el tratamiento de Stafilococcus Aureo resistente a metilciclinas y Enterococcus resistente a vancomicina. Las nanoapartículas son llevadas a la membrana bacteriana, misma que destruyen. Ésta forma de átaque a las bacterias es fundamental, pues es sumamente diferente al inducido por los antibioticos. Las nanopartículas pueden ser introducidas al cuerpo en forma de geles o sprays.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-160985505657780447?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/160985505657780447/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=160985505657780447' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/160985505657780447'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/160985505657780447'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/bacteria-destroying-nanoparticle.html' title='Bacteria Destroying Nanoparticle Developed by IBN and IBM Named as a Top 10 World Changing Idea'/><author><name>Enrique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02511816274090840809</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3667597096382221472</id><published>2011-12-02T08:51:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:53:48.197-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Graphene Based chemical sensors, thermoelectric devices and metamaterials.</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.75em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;The future brightened for organic chemistry when researchers at Rice University found a highly controllable way to attach organic molecules to pristine graphene, making the miracle material suitable for a range of new applications.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Rice lab of chemist James Tour, building upon a set of previous finds in the manipulation of graphene, discovered a two-step method that turned what was a single-atom-thick sheet of carbon into a superlattice for use in organic chemistry. The work could lead to advances in graphene-based chemical sensors, thermoelectric devices and metamaterials.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The work appeared this week in the online journal Nature Communications.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Graphene alone is inert to many organic reactions and, as a semimetal, has no band gap; this limits its usefulness in electronics. But the project led by the Tour Lab's Zhengzong Sun and Rice graduate Cary Pint, now a researcher at Intel, demonstrated that graphene, the strongest material there is because of the robust nature of carbon-carbon bonds, can be made suitable for novel types of chemistry.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Until now there was no way to attach molecules to the basal plane of a sheet of graphene, said Tour, Rice's T.T. and W.F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science and of computer science. "They would mostly go to the edges, not the interior," he said. "But with this two-step technique, we can hydrogenate graphene to make a particular pattern and then attach molecules to where those hydrogens were.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align="center" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;a title="Graphene-based chemical sensors, thermoelectric devices and metamaterials" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-scTC-_QQexA/TtVcEEehB_I/AAAAAAAARTo/ElQz-o6C-nk/s1600/1109_graphite_superlattice.jpg" target="ext" style="color: rgb(85, 136, 170); text-decoration: none; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-scTC-_QQexA/TtVcEEehB_I/AAAAAAAARTo/ElQz-o6C-nk/s1600/1109_graphite_superlattice.jpg" alt="Graphene-based chemical sensors, thermoelectric devices and metamaterials" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5680547729988716530" border="0" width="520" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; padding-top: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); " /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Making a superlattice with patterns of hydrogenated graphene is the first step in making the material suitable for organic chemistry. The process was developed in the Rice University lab of chemist James Tour. (Credit Tour Lab/Rice University)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title="Graphene-based chemical sensors, thermoelectric devices and metamaterials" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4J4ep6JnYqY/TtVhkuT72_I/AAAAAAAART0/o0E40xF52ZQ/s1600/1109_Owl.jpg" target="ext" style="color: rgb(85, 136, 170); text-decoration: none; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4J4ep6JnYqY/TtVhkuT72_I/AAAAAAAART0/o0E40xF52ZQ/s1600/1109_Owl.jpg" alt="Graphene-based chemical sensors, thermoelectric devices and metamaterials" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5680553788532579314" border="0" width="520" style="border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; padding-top: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); " /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Researchers at Rice printed Owls, the university's mascot, in hydrogen atoms on a graphene substrate, turning it into a graphane superlattice suitable for organic chemistry. As proof, they "lit up" the Owls by coating them with a fluorophore and viewing them through fluorescence quenching microscopy. Graphene quenches fluorescence, but the molecules shine brightly when attached to the superlattice. (Credit Zhengzong Sun/Rice University)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;"This is useful to make, for example, chemical sensors in which you want peptides, DNA nucleotides or saccharides projected upward in discrete places along a device. The reactivity at those sites is very fast relative to placing molecules just at the edges. Now we get to choose where they go."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;The first step in the process involved creating a lithographic pattern to induce the attachment of hydrogen atoms to specific domains of graphene's honeycomb matrix; this restructure turned it into a two-dimensional, semiconducting superlattice called graphane. The hydrogen atoms were generated by a hot filament using an approach developed by Robert Hauge, a distinguished faculty fellow in chemistry at Rice and co-author of the paper.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;The lab showed its ability to dot graphene with finely wrought graphane islands when it dropped microscopic text and an image of Rice's classic Owl mascot, about three times the width of a human hair, onto a tiny sheet and then spin-coated it with a fluorophore. Graphene naturally quenches fluorescent molecules, but graphane does not, so the Owl literally lit up when viewed with a new technique called fluorescence quenching microscopy (FQM).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;FQM allowed the researchers to see patterns with a resolution as small as one micron, the limit of conventional lithography available to them. Finer patterning is possible with the right equipment, they reasoned.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;In the next step, the lab exposed the material to diazonium salts that spontaneously attacked the islands' carbon-hydrogen bonds. The salts had the interesting effect of eliminating the hydrogen atoms, leaving a structure of carbon-carbon sp3 bonds that are more amenable to further functionalization with other organics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;"What we do with this paper is go from the graphene-graphane superlattice to a hybrid, a more complicated superlattice," said Sun, who recently earned his doctorate at Rice. "We want to make functional changes to materials where we can control the position, the bond types, the functional groups and the concentrations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;"In the future -- and it might be years -- you should be able to make a device with one kind of functional growth in one area and another functional growth in another area. They will work differently but still be part of one compact, cheap device," he said. "In the beginning, there was very little organic chemistry you could do with graphene. Now we can do almost all of it. This opens up a lot of possibilities."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;The paper's co-authors are graduate students Daniela Marcano, Gedeng Ruan and Zheng Yan, former graduate student Jun Yao, postdoctoral researcher Yu Zhu and visiting student Chenguang Zhang, all of Rice.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;The work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Sandia National Laboratory, the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Initiative of the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research MURI graphene program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;Found the abstract at: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v2/n11/full/ncomms1577.html" target="Read the abstract" style="color: rgb(85, 136, 170); text-decoration: none; font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;em&gt;www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v2/n11/full/&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt; 11/29/2011 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3667597096382221472?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3667597096382221472/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3667597096382221472' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3667597096382221472'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3667597096382221472'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/graphene-based-chemical-sensors.html' title='Graphene Based chemical sensors, thermoelectric devices and metamaterials.'/><author><name>José Delgado.</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/06209707447461008874</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-scTC-_QQexA/TtVcEEehB_I/AAAAAAAARTo/ElQz-o6C-nk/s72-c/1109_graphite_superlattice.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-9179355245959169392</id><published>2011-12-02T08:40:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:42:05.067-08:00</updated><title type='text'>A new anti-microbial treatment that can make clothing permanently germ-free.</title><content type='html'>&lt;style&gt;@font-face {   font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }&lt;/style&gt;     &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;En un artículo publicado en ACS por el Dr Jason Locklin y sus colegas, mostraron una nueva forma de tratar telas e incluso plásticos con una solución en spray, capaz de matar un amplio rango de agentes patógenos que van desde virus a bacterias. Esto no es sólo útil para telas que se encuentran por ejemplo en hospitales donde pueden causar una infección. Además es útil para otras aplicaciones, por ejemplo evitar el mal olor o las manchas en dichas telas. Según el artículo, la solución no degrada después de múltiples lavadas con agua caliente.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;“Tecnologías similares son utilizadas, sin embargo su extensión en el material que se encuentra en hospitales u hoteles, donde se propagan una gran cantidad de enfermedades se ha visto limitado debido a su costo, y la pérdida de efectividad tras varias lavadas”.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Más información: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-14045387&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-9179355245959169392?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/9179355245959169392/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=9179355245959169392' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/9179355245959169392'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/9179355245959169392'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/new-anti-microbial-treatment-that-can.html' title='A new anti-microbial treatment that can make clothing permanently germ-free.'/><author><name>Enrique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02511816274090840809</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-2969909019693371303</id><published>2011-12-02T08:32:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:33:46.152-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Novel Process Employs Magnetic Fields for Hybrid Nanoparticles Purification</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px; "&gt;Penn State University research team has developed a new system that employs magnetism for the purification of hybrid nanoparticles, which are structures comprising two or more types of nanomaterials that can be viewed only through an electron microscope.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;div id="ctl00_cphBody_divText"&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;According to Mary Beth Williams and Raymond Schaak, who led the research team, the novel method will not only eliminates impurities from hybrid nanoparticles, it will also assist scientists to differentiate between hybrid nanoparticles that look similar under the microscopic view but have dissimilar magnetism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;The innovative mechanism has the potential to enhance electronic information-storage devices, medical-imaging technologies, drug-targeting technologies and drug-delivery systems. According to Schaak, the presence of impurities can alter the qualities of a sample, for instance, the sample may become toxic due to the presence of impurities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;Source: &lt;a href="http://live.psu.edu/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(48, 151, 193); text-decoration: none; font-size: 11px; "&gt;http://live.psu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-2969909019693371303?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/2969909019693371303/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=2969909019693371303' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/2969909019693371303'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/2969909019693371303'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/novel-process-employs-magnetic-fields.html' title='Novel Process Employs Magnetic Fields for Hybrid Nanoparticles Purification'/><author><name>osnat zapata</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03815389574572130819</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-4669569086018688983</id><published>2011-12-02T08:31:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:31:52.174-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Presence of Catalytically Active Transition Metals Allows Carbon Nanotubes to Participate in Chemical Reactions</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;h1 id="ctl00_cphBody_h1Title" style="font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97, 97); "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div id="ctl00_cphBody_divText"&gt;&lt;h2 style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 11px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;A research team led by Dr Andrei Khlobystov of The University of Nottingham’s School of Chemistry has showed that nano-level chemical reactions, which modify the carbon nanotube structures, can be triggered by an ‘attack’ from inside.&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="news-img" style="float: right; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 12px; width: 400px; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.azom.com/images/news/NewsImage_30298.jpg" alt="" /&gt;&lt;div class="news-img-caption" style="margin-top: 6px; margin-right: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 6px; font-style: italic; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); "&gt;NanoBud Cropped&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;According to the findings reported in the Nature Chemistry journal, the carbon nanotubes with modified structures are enchanting new materials that can be utilized in the new technology developments for chemical sensors, gas storage equipment and electronic device components such as transistors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Khlobystov stated that the new research revealed that when the carbon nanotube cavity has catalytically active transition metals it can participate in surprising chemical reactions. During the study, the researchers observed that an individual Rhenium metal atom triggered a chemical reaction that led to the modification of the nanotube’s inner wall. Initially, a small defect is created by the Rhenium atom in the nanotube, which is then slowly developed into a nano-scale protrusion by consuming more carbon atoms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;The protrusion then quickly develops in size to create a novel carbon structure called a nanobud. Earlier, these nanobuds were assumed to be created on the exterior of the nanotube due to the reactions with carbon molecules on the outer surface such as fullerenes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;The research team in partnership with Ulm University’s Electron Microscopy of Materials Science group was able to capture the images of the chemical reaction between the nanotube and the transition metal atom at the atomic level utilizing the aberration-corrected high resolution transmission electron microscopy (AC-HRTEM).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Source: &lt;a href="http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(48, 151, 193); text-decoration: none; font-size: 11px; "&gt;http://www.nottingham.ac.uk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-4669569086018688983?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/4669569086018688983/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=4669569086018688983' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/4669569086018688983'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/4669569086018688983'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/presence-of-catalytically-active.html' title='Presence of Catalytically Active Transition Metals Allows Carbon Nanotubes to Participate in Chemical Reactions'/><author><name>osnat zapata</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03815389574572130819</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-8291431204906852615</id><published>2011-12-02T08:24:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:30:17.244-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Fulgor de anochecer</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "&gt;&lt;p&gt;Corren las fechas decembrinas, y con ellas las vísperas de navidad y de año nuevo hacen su llegada. Noches mágicas, sin duda; traen consigo nuevas esperanzas, brindan alegría a nuestros hogares, así como también nos dejan sin aliento al experimentar al claro de la luna, del fenomenal espectáculo de fuegos pirotécnicos que se dibujan en el despejado pizarrón negro de la noche.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brillando como estrellas, los artificieros disfrutan esos momentos como ningún otro presente en escena. Claro, ellos toman la noche y la tornan un número indescriptible. Pero, ellos saben que no lograrían hacer de la noche suya sin la presencia de un travieso pequeñín, chiquito pero picoso, su nombre Estroncio.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lamentablemente, para el pequeño Estroncio no siempre todo fue fama y gloria, pues mucho tiempo atrás, le costaba mucho que le prestaran atención. El estroncio es un elemento perteneciente al grupo de los metales alcalinotérreos, se encuentra en el 2do grupo, periodo 5 de la tabla periódica de elementos de Mendeliev. Tiene un número atómico de 38 y una masa atómica de 87.62 umas. Estroncio es resistente a temperaturas elevadas su punto de fusión es de 1050 K y su punto de ebullición de 1655 K, a temperatura ambiente es un buen conductor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Siendo el cuarto de seis hermanos, Estroncio nunca se sintió falto de familia, pero si de atención. A él siempre le ha gustado la acción, las emociones fuertes, las explosiones y ¿por qué no?, llamar la atención. Sin embargo, también es alguien dócil, maleable y dúctil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Estroncio se sintió muy solito durante muchos años por que el veía como sus hermanos y muchos de sus amigos eran empleados por el hombre para lograr inventar cosas maravillosas y a él nadie lo utilizaba. Él quería brillar, como ningún otro lo había hecho. Pasaba años encerrado en las cuevas, hasta que un día en 1792, el físico-químico Thomas C. Hope lo descubrió al ver un destello rojizo emanando de menas de estroncianita, provenientes del pueblo de Strontian, Escocia y celestita; por lo que si hablara, tendría un acento inglés un tanto incomprensible.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Era un inicio, ¡al fin alguien se había fijado en Estroncio! Pero nadie lograba liberarlo. Pobre Estroncio siguió atrapado en su mena por casi 20 años más, cuando en 1808 el químico inglés Humphry Davy logró aislarlo. ¡Estroncio era feliz! Ya podía acompañar a todos sus hermanos y amigos y marcar su huella en la revolución tecnológica del hombre que acontecía en ese entonces.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Desafortunadamente, poca actividad vio Estroncio en ese periodo, pues el hombre se enfocó más en elementos que ya manejaba hacía más tiempo, metales como el hierro, el manganeso, cobalto y cobre. Y Estroncio nada más podía sentarse a observar mientras le hacían estudios pertinentes. Más, sólo ahora no se sintió, pues durante la Primera Revolución Industrial que acontecía muchos otros elementos fueron descubiertos, y quienes acompañaron a Estroncio en laboratorios alrededor del mundo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Con el tiempo el hombre se fue fijando en el pequeño Estroncio, observaba que él era bueno limpiando y refinando metales como el zinc, y que podía tomar un papel relevante en la aleación del acero. Auxiliaba en la elaboración de cerámicas, lámparas fluorescentes, pinturas anti corrosivas y medicamentos. Más adelante con la introducción de los rayos X, fue muy útil en la elaboración de placas protectoras a las radiaciones de las televisiones; así como también, sus isótopos benefician en el tratamiento y lucha contra el cáncer. Del mismo modo, el SrO fue empleado, en conjunto con otros metales para formar superconductores. Estroncio también ha cooperado en la construcción de transistores, pantallas, radares, capacitores…&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pero de todas sus nuevas aplicaciones, a Estroncio lo que más le fascina es cuando se eleva por lo más alto del cielo, y segundos después, se adueña de él trazando espectaculares coreografías como pirotecnias. Jamás él se imaginó capaz de realizar algo tan asombroso, tan fascinante y a la vez tan luminoso. Tantas formas, tantos tamaños ¡en cuantas noches! El hombre celebra sus festividades por las noches con fuegos pirotécnicos, fuegos en los que Estroncio toma fama y hace su atracción.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-8291431204906852615?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/8291431204906852615/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=8291431204906852615' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/8291431204906852615'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/8291431204906852615'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/fulgor-de-anochecer.html' title='Fulgor de anochecer'/><author><name>Armando Morin</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05691436793425615183</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-6206150799548011921</id><published>2011-12-02T08:18:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:21:01.143-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Los científicos consiguen camuflar un objeto gracias a los nanotubos</title><content type='html'>Un post que si bien parece genial yo personalmente no le veo aplicación alguna que no sea invasión de propiedad, privacidad etc etc. De igual manera el funcionamiento del artilugio es bastante interesante.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WASHINGTON, ESTADOS UNIDOS (21/NOV/2011).- Un grupo de investigadores de la Universidad de Michigan consiguió camuflar un objeto tridimensional aplicando la tecnología de nanotubos de carbono, publicó hoy la revista Applied Physics Letters. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Los científicos consiguieron que un relieve microscópico con la forma de un tanque fuera visto como una simple lámina negra gracias a una capa de nanotubos de carbono de baja densidad, que absorben la luz incidente. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Estos nanotubos descubiertos en la década de los noventa son pequeños cilindros con el grosor de un solo átomo de carbono y han sido desde entonces objeto de investigación y desarrollo debido a que se consideran el material más duro conocido. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Los investigadores de la Universidad de Michigan han querido poner a prueba el bajo índice de refracción de la luz, que permitió que el tanque se ocultara a la luz blanca del microscopio. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Los resultados de la investigación se han dado a conocer en la publicación de física aplicada "Applied Physics Letters", que indica cómo un objeto con una capa de nanotubos en su superficie podría ser invisible, pese a ser iluminado, en un medio como el espacio profundo. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Los nanotubos actúan como una perfecta capa mágica al ocultar completamente una estructura tridimensional", indicaron los investigadores. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Los nanotubos de carbono (CNT, en su sigla en inglés) tienen una bajísima densidad y un índice de refracción de la luz similar a la del aire, por lo que no se produce reflexión o dispersión de la onda de luz.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para seguirlo checa la siguiente liga: &lt;br /&gt;http://www.informador.com.mx/tecnologia/2011/339364/6/los-cientificos-consiguen-camuflar-un-objeto-gracias-a-los-nanotubos.htm&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-6206150799548011921?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/6206150799548011921/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=6206150799548011921' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/6206150799548011921'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/6206150799548011921'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/los-cientificos-consiguen-camuflar-un.html' title='Los científicos consiguen camuflar un objeto gracias a los nanotubos'/><author><name>nanocancer</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09400863574898634113</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3510705017169687045</id><published>2011-12-02T08:12:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:20:03.657-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Carborum, el dios de la naturaleza.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px; "&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQk-TY_fbmGUOEPLkDy_BY7Ae2xUEV_-qPJAOz5TZFdfdX6MaIT" /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Naci&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px; "&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;do e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px; "&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;n &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px; "&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;el principio de los tiempos, tiempos de inmensidad,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px; "&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;fruto de los dioses de la l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;uz, Consectetuer (hidrógeno) y la diosa Helium, Ca&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;rbor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px; "&gt;um es conoci&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 24px; "&gt;do como el dios de la naturaleza.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt;line-height: 150%"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;Desde su alumbramiento en las estrellas, fue destinado por su padre a reinar tierras desconocidas; tierras áridas y lejanas para enorgullecer al nombre de su padre y convertirse en dios. Arrojado al vació desde su hogar, y viajando a varios años luz, Carborum arribo hace milenios a un pequeño planeta; planeta de incesantes tormentas y cielos oscuros, dónde la hostilida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;d e intranquilidad perduraban. Sin duda alguna un lugar detestable hasta para el hijo de un dios. Sin embargo a su llegada, los ojos de Carborum miraron aquel lugar como el más raro y descon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;ocido, lo que lo hacía tan hermoso al mismo tiempo para él. Era un hecho, el reino de Carborum estaba por comenzar. Pero, a pesar de su inquietud por entender aquél lugar y de la divinidad que lo acompañaba, no enco&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;ntraba forma de convertir tanta hostilidad en un lugar digno del reconocimiento de Consectetuer, su padre.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt;line-height: 150%"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;Varios días de inquietud pasaron junto a Carborum. Por más que observaba, sus ojos sólo revelaban oscuridad ante él. Pero más allá de lo que podía percibir, su sentir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;le ilustraba que aunque ese lugar ardiera en llamas, realmente era un lugar tan frío y vació; tan falto de amor. Carborum había decidido cambiar aquellas tierras&lt;/span&gt;de desolación por tierras llenas de armonía. Así es como decidió entregar a sus tierras parte de él, de su divinidad, y quitar de ellas toda aquella desolación, lo que alcanzaría un equilibrio y por ende armonía.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt;line-height: 150%"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;Dotado de la energía y capacidad de su padre, Carbo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;rum a pequeños pasos logro su cometido. Aquél lugar jamás volvió a ser igual desde su emprendimiento. Cada paso dado, y cada roce dado por la mano de Carborum ilumino el paraje. Detrás de cada paso que daba, cada gota de sudor y cada aliento, hermosas figuras de variados colores surgían poco a p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;oco d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;esde la tierra. El desgaste producido por el andar de Carborum era la semilla que florecía en expresiones&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;de amor. Las rocas que incandescían calmaron su furia para formar nuevas piedras oscuras, con las que la historia se escribiría. Grandes extensiones se tornaron de un insípido gris a un deslumbrante verde. No hubo montaña ni mar que no conociere la grandeza de su presencia. La inmensidad del azul líquido comenzó en sus profundidades a llenarse de los restos que Carborum dejaba de sí mismo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;en su camino. Restos heredados de la divinidad en busca de la armonía, que comenzaron a agruparse y a seguir el camino de su padre. Así el tiempo transcurrió junto con su recorrido de norte a sur, este, oeste y en todas direcciones. Paso a paso el desgaste se apoderaba de su grandeza.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt;line-height: 150%"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;Por fin el día había llegado. El tiempo de Carborum se agotaba. Una vida entera dedicada al cambio de un lugar, sin haber tenido el reconocimiento de su padre aún. Sin embargo, tanta armonía y belleza a su alrededor, producto de su obra reemplazaba el&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;reconocimiento de Consectetuer con su autosatisfacción.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt;line-height: 150%"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;Todos su deseos estaban por ser cumplidos, faltando un último&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;y que dedicaría sí mismo. En el lecho de su muerte había decidido terminar con su obra, y regalar lo poco que quedaba de él por completo a los que más amaba. Y así fue. Adentrado en las profundidades de la tierra que lo vio crecer repozan sus restos. Piedras preciosas y deslumbrantes, rígidas como su convicción, son la prueba de su grandeza.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;text-indent: 35.4pt; line-height: 150%; "&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;img 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" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt;line-height: 150%"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt;line-height: 150%"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt; A pesar de su deceso, Consectetuer no abandono los pasos de su hijo. Así la luz alumbro la tierra, y el oscuro de los cielos se desvaneció. Todos los frutos producto de la germinación de la semilla de Carborum crecieron con la ayuda del padre, y a través d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;e los siglos evolucionaron hasta como los conocemos hoy en día, complementados por la obra de Consectetuer y sus demás hijos que admiraron el reino de Carborum. Finalmente, el reconocimiento de Consectetuer a su hijo se dio. El dios de la luz decidió que era mejor no devolverle la vida a su hijo para que disfrutara de su grandeza a su lado, dejándolo vivir eternamente dónde Carborum hubiera preferido, enla naturaleza.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;text-indent: 35.4pt; line-height: 150%; "&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;img 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" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:35.4pt;line-height: 150%"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES"  style="line-height:150%;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;font-family:&amp;quot;;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3510705017169687045?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3510705017169687045/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3510705017169687045' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3510705017169687045'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3510705017169687045'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/naci-do-e-n-el-principio-de-los-tiempos.html' title='Carborum, el dios de la naturaleza.'/><author><name>Abraham</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15747939672100653927</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-2379445765922469085</id><published>2011-12-02T08:11:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:11:45.594-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Cuentos curiosos del albor de la ciencia</title><content type='html'>Por ultimo dentro de estos post un libro que salió a la venta y que sería interesante leerlo para saber cómo se pensaban las cosas; de igual manera el post ayuda a recordar como antes cuando no existían tantas herramientas y lujos tecnológicos el mayor reto era usar tu imaginación. Habrá que recordarnos el jamás dejar de imaginar. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La vista desde la Luna, 1665&lt;br /&gt;El astrónomo francés Adrien Auzout escribió sobre lo que "supuestos habitantes de la Luna" verían si miraran en dirección a la Tierra.&lt;br /&gt;"Yo pienso que a la gente en la Luna le parecerá que la Tierra tiene un rostro distinto en las diferentes estaciones del año", escribió. Por ejemplo, en invierno, cuando "casi nada es verde en una gran parte de la Tierra", o en verano, "cuando campos enteros son amarillos".&lt;br /&gt;Además especuló que los incendios forestales eran visibles desde la Luna. Auzout fue elegido como miembro de la Sociedad Real en 1666 y durante un período consideró la posibilidad de construir un enorme telescopio aéreo de 305m de largo para observar a los animales de la Luna&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Es una de las tres historias que puedes observar dentro de la liga:http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/10/111027_cuentos_raros_ciencia.shtml&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-2379445765922469085?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/2379445765922469085/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=2379445765922469085' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/2379445765922469085'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/2379445765922469085'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/cuentos-curiosos-del-albor-de-la.html' title='Cuentos curiosos del albor de la ciencia'/><author><name>nanocancer</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09400863574898634113</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-4053152786208799201</id><published>2011-12-02T08:10:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:11:19.231-08:00</updated><title type='text'>El Premio Nobel de Química del que se burlaban los científicos</title><content type='html'>La siguiente historia va relacionada acerca de un hombre cuya importancia de su vida se transformó después de ganar el más prestigioso premio que se concede a la ciencia: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cuando Daniel Shechtman observó en su microscopio electrónico una mezcla de aluminio y manganeso fundido que había sido previamente congelada, encontró algo que no esperaba.&lt;br /&gt;Los átomos del nuevo cristal estaban perfectamente formados en un patrón geométrico que nunca se repetía.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Este descubrimiento, que ocurrió exactamente el 8 de abril de 1982, lo hizo merecedor este miércoles del Premio Nobel de Química.&lt;br /&gt;Su trabajo, dijo el jurado, "cambió fundamentalmente la manera en que los químicos conciben la materia sólida".&lt;br /&gt;Sin embargo, pocos podían augurar un futuro tan prometedor para este científico israelí.&lt;br /&gt;“Fui ridiculizado, mis colegas me trataron mal y el jefe de mi laboratorio se acercó a mí con una sonrisa condescendiente, puso un libro en mi escritorio y me dijo: ‘Danny, ¿por qué no lees esto y ves que lo que estás diciendo es imposible?”&lt;br /&gt;Imagino el dulce sabor de este sujeto al devolverle el libro a su jefe… y bien hay que recordar, el que ríe al último… ríe mejor. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/10/111005_premio_nobel_quimica_lp.shtml&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-4053152786208799201?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/4053152786208799201/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=4053152786208799201' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/4053152786208799201'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/4053152786208799201'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/el-premio-nobel-de-quimica-del-que-se.html' title='El Premio Nobel de Química del que se burlaban los científicos'/><author><name>nanocancer</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09400863574898634113</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-1433486903808107269</id><published>2011-12-02T08:09:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:10:43.032-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Famosos y, además, ingeniosos inventores</title><content type='html'>Los siguientes 3 post van vinculados a trabajos de científicos con características muy especiales. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El primero de ellos va dedicado a aquellos científicos que logran cambios que nosotros no damos mérito, pero que durante toda nuestra vida los tenemos tan presentes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Muchos la recuerdan como la Dama de Hierro, la mujer dura de la política británica que defendió la privatización de las industrias y servicios del estado, que reformó los sindicatos, redujo el gasto social y le dio la victoria al Reino Unido en la guerra de las Falklands o Islas Malvinas.&lt;br /&gt;Sin embargo, ¿sabía usted que Margaret Thatcher es también la inventora del helado de textura más blanda, ese que venden las máquinas?&lt;br /&gt;La exprimera ministra británica, que estudió química en la Universidad de Oxford, formó parte de un equipo del investigadores que desarrolló un método para duplicar la cantidad de aire dentro del helado, reduciendo así la cantidad de ingredientes necesarios y, por ende, su costo.&lt;br /&gt;Y así podremos observar dentro de este post historias como esta mujer, siendo exministra dedico un poco de su tiempo a lo que quiero suponer es su capricho. &lt;br /&gt;Sigue la liga y entérate de gente igual de sorprendente: http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/10/111012_inventos_personas_famosas_lp.shtml&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-1433486903808107269?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/1433486903808107269/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=1433486903808107269' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1433486903808107269'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1433486903808107269'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/famosos-y-ademas-ingeniosos-inventores.html' title='Famosos y, además, ingeniosos inventores'/><author><name>nanocancer</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09400863574898634113</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-5330086096614768762</id><published>2011-12-02T08:09:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:09:22.185-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Un dispositivo para vivir hasta los 150 años</title><content type='html'>Un día en el que un implante en el cuerpo será capaz de identificar las primeras mutaciones de un tumor potencial, o los genes de una bacteria invasora. Será posible tomarse un antibiótico que ataque al invasor o una pastilla contra el cáncer cuyo blanco sean solamente esas pocas células renegadas.&lt;br /&gt;Otro dispositivo revisaría el medio ambiente que rodea a las personas y les avisaría si están entrando a un lugar que pone en riesgo su salud.&lt;br /&gt;Una amplia gama de desórdenes genéticos podrán ser identificados al nacer, incluso en el momento de la concepción, y diminutos virus preprogramados serán introducidos al cuerpo para que penetren las células indicadas y corrijan el problema. Modificar el cuerpo adulto ante las primeras señales de enfermedad sería igual de fácil&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Son algunas de las cosas que habla este post. Donde lo más interesante será como reaccionara la sociedad ante impactos de tal magnitud… así como también relacionar el avance científico con quienes podrán en un futuro “pagarse la vida”. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Visita la liga y anímate a debatir: http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/09/110920_codigo_genetico_george_church.shtml&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-5330086096614768762?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/5330086096614768762/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=5330086096614768762' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5330086096614768762'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5330086096614768762'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/un-dispositivo-para-vivir-hasta-los-150.html' title='Un dispositivo para vivir hasta los 150 años'/><author><name>nanocancer</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09400863574898634113</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3169441654726818079</id><published>2011-12-02T08:08:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:08:59.659-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Prueban el "automóvil eléctrico" más pequeño del mundo</title><content type='html'>Los científicos dieron a conocer lo que consideran es el "automóvil eléctrico" más pequeño del mundo. Se hizo a partir de una molécula cuidadosamente diseñada. Con 10 impulsos eléctricos, el vehículo logró moverse una distancia microscópica: seis milmillonésimas de un metro.&lt;br /&gt;La molécula tiene cuatro ramificaciones que funcionan como ruedas, las cuales se mueven cuando una diminuta punta metálica les pasa corriente.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El interés de este post radica lógicamente en que a nivel micro y nano, la movilidad ha sido un serio problema, ya que esta siempre depende de variables externas al sistema; ahora imaginemos un sistema cuya movilidad es autónoma… se podría llegar a cualquier lado que se quisiese y con esto, lograr objetivos con mayor precisión. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No olvides visitar la liga:&lt;br /&gt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/11/111110_auto_electrico_molecual_mr.shtml&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3169441654726818079?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3169441654726818079/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3169441654726818079' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3169441654726818079'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3169441654726818079'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/prueban-el-automovil-electrico-mas.html' title='Prueban el &quot;automóvil eléctrico&quot; más pequeño del mundo'/><author><name>nanocancer</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09400863574898634113</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-5579411140969881719</id><published>2011-12-02T08:08:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:08:42.240-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Crean software para predecir supervivencia al cáncer</title><content type='html'>A pesar de los enormes avances médicos y tecnológicos de las últimas décadas hay un campo de la medicina que ha cambiado poco desde principios del siglo XX: los análisis de laboratorio para llevar a cabo el diagnóstico preciso de una enfermedad. En particular, ha cambiado muy poco la forma como se analizan y evalúan las muestras de tejido canceroso para conocer la severidad y extensión de la enfermedad y predecir qué posibilidad tiene un paciente de sobrevivir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Post que proporciona una mirada a lo que el mundo apunta; la cura de una enfermedad para evitar su diagnóstico… ahora bien esta lógica no me parece descabellada, sin embargo existen puntos de vista los cuales uno pierde de enfoque, puntos de vista que caracterizan bien la siguiente frase:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Algunos tumores contienen innumerables características adicionales cuya importancia clínica hasta ahora no ha sido evaluada"&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Andrew Beck&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Y es que con toda razón habla de características mismas que podrían ser de utilidad para tratar la enfermedad. En fin para saberte bien la historia y funcionalidad de este diagnóstico visita la liga:&lt;br /&gt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/11/111109_software_cancer_patologia_men.shtml&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-5579411140969881719?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/5579411140969881719/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=5579411140969881719' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5579411140969881719'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5579411140969881719'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/crean-software-para-predecir.html' title='Crean software para predecir supervivencia al cáncer'/><author><name>nanocancer</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09400863574898634113</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-7596434809257801484</id><published>2011-12-02T08:07:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:08:19.536-08:00</updated><title type='text'>¿Tenía razón Einstein?: dudan que los neutrinos viajen más rápido que la luz</title><content type='html'>Un nuevo informe indica que las partículas subatómicas llamadas neutrinos no pueden desplazarse más rápido que la velocidad de la luz. Dudas científicas&lt;br /&gt;Desde un principio hubo críticos que hablaron de algún tipo de falla en el experimento hecho con la colaboración de Opera (Oscillation Project with Emulsion t-Racking Apparatus), que publicó los primeros asombrosos resultados.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Este post habla acerca de lo que se ha vuelto en temas globales creo yo el de mayor importancia en la actualidad. Un debate por demás interesante ya que los participantes, aparte de ser claro científicos de todo el mundo, se encuentran dentro del mismo complejo de investigación… es decir, entre compañeros existen las diversidades de opiniones acerca de este tema. Debate que toma gran importancia ya que hablaríamos de revolucionar toda una rama de la ciencia con todo y sus implicaciones, refiriéndonos por supuesto a Cuántica. &lt;br /&gt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/11/111122_ciencia_neutrinos_informe_contradice_experimento.shtml&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-7596434809257801484?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/7596434809257801484/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=7596434809257801484' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/7596434809257801484'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/7596434809257801484'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/tenia-razon-einstein-dudan-que-los.html' title='¿Tenía razón Einstein?: dudan que los neutrinos viajen más rápido que la luz'/><author><name>nanocancer</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09400863574898634113</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-4925022748023351066</id><published>2011-12-02T08:06:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:08:05.102-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Study Reveals Graphene’s Novel Reaction to Light</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;h1 id="ctl00_cphBody_h1Title" style="font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97, 97); "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div id="ctl00_cphBody_divText"&gt;&lt;h2 style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 11px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;MIT researchers have revealed that graphene can generate electric current in uncommon ways when sparked by the energy of light. The finding paves way to a novel method for electricity production from sunlight and enhances night-vision systems and photodetectors.&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, one of the MIT researchers, stated that scientists had already found the current-producing effect of graphene but they believed that it was caused by a photovoltaic effect. However, the MIT scientists observed that illuminating light on a graphene sheet makes it to have two regions with dissimilar electrical characteristics, which in turn generates differences in temperature and eventually produces an electrical current.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;According to the finding, graphene can also be used to detect biologically significant molecules, including food contaminants, disease vectors and toxins, most of them produce infrared light during illumination. Graphene can be comparatively inexpensive to other detector materials such as semiconductors. As it responds to an extensive range of wavelengths, graphene can effectively collect solar energy, said Jarillo-Herrero. However, further research will be required, as it is still not clear that the material can efficiently produce energy, he added. The factors that can enable graphene photodetectors faster or better will now be the focus of further research, he added. The Air Force Office of Scientific Research backed the research work, which also received funds from the Packard Foundation and the National Science Foundation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Source: &lt;a href="http://web.mit.edu/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(48, 151, 193); text-decoration: none; font-size: 11px; "&gt;http://web.mit.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-4925022748023351066?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/4925022748023351066/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=4925022748023351066' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/4925022748023351066'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/4925022748023351066'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/study-reveals-graphenes-novel-reaction.html' title='Study Reveals Graphene’s Novel Reaction to Light'/><author><name>osnat zapata</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03815389574572130819</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3994902382071666540</id><published>2011-12-02T08:06:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:07:30.569-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Crean un espray fluorescente para detectar cáncer</title><content type='html'>Científicos crearon un espray que ilumina con fluorescencia células cancerosas durante una operación y ayuda al cirujano a detectar y extraer hasta los focos más microscópicos de cáncer. El aerosol, explican los investigadores de la Universidad de Tokio, Japón, y los Institutos Nacionales de Salud de Estados Unidos, está compuesto principalmente de una sustancia fluorescente verde que provoca una reacción química al hacer contacto con células cancerosas.&lt;br /&gt;Post que me dedico a subir debido a la creciente importancia de materiales con propiedades fluorescentes, recordando también que muchos de ellos son fabricados ya hoy en día con nanotecnología. &lt;br /&gt;Para saber más acerca del funcionamiento de este spray sigue la liga: http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/11/111123_espray_fluorescente_cancer_men.shtml&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3994902382071666540?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3994902382071666540/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3994902382071666540' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3994902382071666540'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3994902382071666540'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/crean-un-espray-fluorescente-para.html' title='Crean un espray fluorescente para detectar cáncer'/><author><name>nanocancer</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09400863574898634113</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-5092533783330401567</id><published>2011-12-02T08:06:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:06:07.753-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Una impresora 3D para regenerar huesos</title><content type='html'>Primeramente referirme a los post que vendré subiendo, los cuales son todos de la página de http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/ sección de ciencia. Es una página que he venido siguiente ya varios años, y a continuación posteo las noticias de este año que me han parecido sorprendentes. &lt;br /&gt;Una impresora 3D ha comenzado a ser utilizada para crear huesos a partir de un material muy similar al tejido óseo, el cual según los investigadores serviría para reparar lesiones. &lt;br /&gt;Un aliento para aquellos que han sufrido lesiones graves; ahora hay que decirlo, para que esto se concrete faltan aún un par de años como menos. También habría que evaluar el costo que implicaría este tipo de impresiones. &lt;br /&gt;Para saber más acerca de esta técnica sigue la siguiente liga:&lt;br /&gt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/12/111130_impresora3d_huesos.shtml&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-5092533783330401567?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/5092533783330401567/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=5092533783330401567' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5092533783330401567'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5092533783330401567'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/una-impresora-3d-para-regenerar-huesos.html' title='Una impresora 3D para regenerar huesos'/><author><name>nanocancer</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09400863574898634113</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-7831117085286838730</id><published>2011-12-02T07:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T07:57:51.087-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Researchers Develop Novel Polymer Coating to Make Quantum Dots Water Soluble</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;div class="post-repeat" style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(97, 97, 97); margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; padding-top: 15px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; border-top-left-radius: 0px 0px; border-top-right-radius: 5px 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;&lt;div class="item-body" style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;div id="tab-news" class="content-tab-pane selected-content-tab-pane" style="display: block; "&gt;&lt;h1 id="ctl00_cphBody_h1Title" style="font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97, 97); "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px; "&gt;Water insolubility is one of the major disadvantages of quantum dots that make them unsuitable for biological and medical applications. To overcome this problem, scientists at the Singapore-based A*STAR agency and at the MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology of the University of Twente have created a coating that makes the nano-scale light sources soluble in water.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;div class="post-repeat" style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(97, 97, 97); margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; padding-top: 15px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; border-top-left-radius: 0px 0px; border-top-right-radius: 5px 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px 0px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;&lt;div class="item-body" style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;div class="content-tab-pane selected-content-tab-pane" style="display: block; "&gt;&lt;div id="ctl00_cphBody_divText"&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="news-img" style="float: right; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 12px; width: 450px; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.azom.com/images/news/NewsImage_31011.jpg" alt="" /&gt;&lt;div class="news-img-caption" style="margin-top: 6px; margin-right: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 6px; font-style: italic; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); "&gt;Quantum dots made water-soluble by a coating can, in turn, be combined with polymers and be coupled to other quantum dots&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Thus with the help of the coating, quantum dots can now be utilized within the human body, and even within living cells. In addition to enhancing solubility in water, the novel coating allows other molecules to bind on its surface, thus the coated quantum dots are now capable of binding with certain types of cells that include tumor cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;The scientists have reported about their coating material in the Nature Protocols journal. The research work is a joint study between the Institute of Materials Research and Engineering of the A*STAR agency and the MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology of the University of Twente.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Quantum dots are a better choice compared to fluorescent tags that are being used for investigating biological processes. The semiconductor nanostructures release long-lasting bright lights with different colors that vary with the quantum dots’ size. Quantum dots were earlier unfit for utilization in living organisms for several causes, including their toxicity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;The scientists have developed a polymer coating with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties called an amphiphilic coating. The hydrophobic end of the polymer material is bonded to the surface of the quantum dots, while its hydrophilic side enables the quantum dots to dissolve in water. The coating covers the quantum dot surface via a self-assembly process and has less impact on the light-emitting properties of the quantum dots.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Source: &lt;a href="http://www.utwente.nl/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(48, 151, 193); text-decoration: none; font-size: 11px; "&gt;http://www.utwente.nl&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="clear: both; "&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-7831117085286838730?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/7831117085286838730/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=7831117085286838730' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/7831117085286838730'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/7831117085286838730'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/researchers-develop-novel-polymer.html' title='Researchers Develop Novel Polymer Coating to Make Quantum Dots Water Soluble'/><author><name>osnat zapata</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03815389574572130819</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-1454363451590711359</id><published>2011-12-02T00:13:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T00:16:00.094-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Chemists Identify Key Ingredient of Natural 'Superglue'</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;The key ingredient of the superglue that mussels use to attach themselves to rocks, boats and piers is iron, scientists say. The finding, described in the latest issue of the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition, represents a novel biological use for the metal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Jonathan Wilker of Purdue University started investigating the stickiness of mussels and barnacles after a scuba diving trip. Saltwater mussels attach to objects using a number of filaments (see image). The creature extends its foot and affixes the tiny fibers with glue. In the new work, Wilker and his colleagues identified iron as the necessary ingredient in the adhesive. "The mixture we extract from mussels has a consistency similar to gelatin," Wilker says. "When we add iron, the mussel proteins cross-link or 'cure' and the material hardens. Other bioavailable metal ions do not appear to bring about this cross-linking." Iron, which is present in seawater, is readily available to the bivalves. "Proteins often rely on metal ions to tie them together and provide stability, but this is the first time that a transition metal ion has been determined to be an integral part of a biological material," notes chemist Mike Clarke of the National Science Foundation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;The mussel glue sticks to a broad variety of materials, including TeflonTM, which is widely used as a nonstick coating. "The biological origin of this glue and the ability to stick to nearly all surfaces invite applications such as the development of surgical adhesives," Wilker remarks. In addition, understanding just how these creatures stick may help researchers devise novel methods to protect ships from unwanted passengers. "Understanding how marine glues are formed could be key to developing surfaces and coatings to prevent adhesion processes," Wilker says. "Current antifouling paints rely upon releasing copper into surrounding waters, thereby killing barnacles in their larval state. We are hoping our results will help make antifouling paints that do not require the release of toxins into the marine environment."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Source: &lt;a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=chemists-identify-key-ing"&gt;http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=chemists-identify-key-ing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-1454363451590711359?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/1454363451590711359/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=1454363451590711359' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1454363451590711359'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1454363451590711359'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/chemists-identify-key-ingredient-of.html' title='Chemists Identify Key Ingredient of Natural &apos;Superglue&apos;'/><author><name>Paty</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09210203640576032586</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-413463062721216819</id><published>2011-12-02T00:10:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T00:12:34.241-08:00</updated><title type='text'>How The Department Of Energy Plans To Wean The U.S Off Rare Earth Metals</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;Rare earth metals--a group of 17 chemical elements found in solar panels, wind turbines, electric car motors, lithium-ion batteries, and more--are critical to a future reliant on clean energy. The problem is that China has the majority of the supply, and it has used that leverage to slow exports and raise prices. The U.S. is working on building up rare earth production sites, but the Department of Energy is sinking millions of dollars into an alternative: rare earth alternatives.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The DOE announced $156 million in clean energy technology funding this week, including 15 research projects that focus what the organization calls Rare Earth Alternatives in Critical Technologies for Energy (REACT). The projects include electric vehicle motors containing little or no rare earth metals, a manganese-based replacement for rare earth magnets found in wind turbines an electric vehicles, a cerium-based replacement for rare earth magnets, and a carbide-based composite replacement for rare earth magnets.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Why so many magnet replacements? Small, light, and powerful rare earth magnets are found in most audio speakers, computer hard drives, wind turbine generators, electric cars, and even self-powered flashlights. In other words, if our supply of rare earth elements gets cut off, we're in trouble.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;All of the funding comes from the DOE's ARPA-E program, which invests in high-risk, high-payoff clean technology (the program is based on DARPA). Post-Solyndra, many people may be skeptical of the DOE's investments. But without rare earth metal alternatives, the U.S won't just lack new clean energy technology; it one day may not have the infrastructure to even support today's gadgets.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Source: &lt;a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-the-department-of-energy-plans-2011-09"&gt;http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-the-department-of-energy-plans-2011-09&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-413463062721216819?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/413463062721216819/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=413463062721216819' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/413463062721216819'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/413463062721216819'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/how-department-of-energy-plans-to-wean.html' title='How The Department Of Energy Plans To Wean The U.S Off Rare Earth Metals'/><author><name>Paty</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09210203640576032586</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-693937997641691769</id><published>2011-12-01T23:13:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T23:44:18.062-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Blacker than black</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="bloginlineimgnocaption" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;Ordinary black paint absorbs about 85 per cent of the light that hits it. So making something look black simply means ensuring that it absorbs at least as much as this.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="bloginlineimgnocaption" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;Now Evgenii Narimanov at Purdue University and a few colleagues have worked out that they can do much better using a substance called a hyperbolic metamaterial, which absorbs and traps most kinds of light within its structure.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="bloginlineimgnocaption" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;These scientist created a hyperbolic metamaterial by growing silver nanowires grown in a membrane of aluminium oxide to create a flat light-absorbing slab. This absorbs some 80 per cent of the light that hit it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="bloginlineimgnocaption" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;By roughening the surface of the slab, any light that is still reflected gets absorbed in the peaks and troughs of the surface. In effect, the photons are "sucked" into the material, say the team. The result is a substance that absorbs up to 99 per cent of the light that hits it. There are lots of potential uses for such an idea, not least of which is to improve the efficiency of solar cells.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="bloginlineimgnocaption" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="bloginlineimgnocaption" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;Source: &lt;a href="http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv/27202/" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left; "&gt;http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv/27202/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="bloginlineimgnocaption" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 20px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;&lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.5469" target="_blank" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;arxiv.org/abs/1109.5469&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-693937997641691769?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/693937997641691769/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=693937997641691769' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/693937997641691769'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/693937997641691769'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/blacker-than-black.html' title='Blacker than black'/><author><name>Paty</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/09210203640576032586</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-2290193289516781314</id><published>2011-12-01T22:40:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T22:40:26.806-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>me acordé de lo que nos dijo el profe de estado sólido y las 14 celdas unitarias. No dice si es que posee un tipo diferente de celda, pero si cristaliza de forma diferente.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/su/2Z1YMp/www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/stories/45-billion-year-old-antarctic-meteorite-yields-new-minera%253Fsrc%253Dst"&gt;http://www.stumbleupon.com/su/2Z1YMp/www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/stories/45-billion-year-old-antarctic-meteorite-yields-new-minera%253Fsrc%253Dst&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-2290193289516781314?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/2290193289516781314/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=2290193289516781314' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/2290193289516781314'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/2290193289516781314'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/me-acorde-de-lo-que-nos-dijo-el-profe.html' title=''/><author><name>Pedro Amaro 139971</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17432129745921056345</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-4093958237771723727</id><published>2011-12-01T21:40:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T21:49:54.046-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.stumbleupon.com/su/2oypaS/www.manufacturingdigital.com/sectors/chemicals-plastics/uk-scientists-invent-artificial-petrol"&gt;http://www.stumbleupon.com/su/2oypaS/www.manufacturingdigital.com/sectors/chemicals-plastics/uk-scientists-invent-artificial-petrol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ya es viejito el artículo, pero me gusto porque si eso es cierto, podríamos resolver uno de los problemas de contaminación del planeta. Claro, si los intereses personales no interfieren :/ Pero sí, básicamente son nano celdas que contienen hidrógenos en cadenas.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-4093958237771723727?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/4093958237771723727/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=4093958237771723727' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/4093958237771723727'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/4093958237771723727'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/httpwww_01.html' title=''/><author><name>Pedro Amaro 139971</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17432129745921056345</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-847460271350935383</id><published>2011-12-01T20:19:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T20:34:49.122-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:48.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Script MT Bold&amp;quot;;mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;mso-fareast-language: ES"&gt;El pequeño Hidrógeno&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;mso-fareast-language:ES"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Candara&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language:ES"&gt;A continuación se narra la verdadera historia del Hidrógeno, desde su formación hasta el elemento tal y como lo conocemos hoy en día.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Candara&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language:ES"&gt;Todo comenzó hace muchos, muchos años, cuando habitaba en el gran e inmenso universo, un átomo llamado primigenio, el cual por su actitud tan negativa, no se llevaba con ninguna de las otras partículas que habitaban el gran cosmos, Todo era dicha y felicidad para todos, bueno para casi todos, Primigenio no estaba conforme con esta situación, Primogenio era egoísta, y al ver la inmensa alegría de los demás, se fue llenando poco a poco de coraje y envidia, hasta que llegó el momento en que su cuerpo se saturó de estas emociones y estalló. Esta explosión fue muy violenta e inesperada para todas las demás partículas que se encontraban en los alrededores.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Candara&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language:ES"&gt;Al momento de la gran explosión, todas las partículas se asustaron y se volvieron locas, inmediatamente comenzaron a moverse en todas las direcciones provocando un verdadero caos, tal era el desorden que comenzaron a chocar entre sí todas las partículas y antipartículas: los electrones con los positrones, los protones con los antiprotones, en fin, eran encuentros entre todas las partículas que se encontraban en el lugar que hasta incluso dieron lugar a nuevas partículas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Candara&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language:ES"&gt;Pasado algún tiempo y ya que la situación había comenzado a enfriarse, los protones y los electrones se hicieron muy amigos, de tal forma que se volvieron casi inseparables y andaban muy juntos a donde quiera que fuesen, aunque el electrón era un alma libre y rebelde al que le gustaba viajar a la velocidad de la luz por donde quisiera. Se complementaban tan bien que empezaron a funcionar como uno solo, originando una nueva especie llamada “átomos” y esteconjunto en particular se hizo llamar “Hidrógeno”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Las demás partículas, comenzaron a imitarlos formando más átomos de hidrógeno y otros átomos como litio y Berilio. Poco a poco se volvió moda estarse juntando y se fueron formando los demás elementos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Los traviesos átomos, decidieron salir a conocer cómo había quedado el nuevo universo, por lo que emprendieron un gran viaje, hasta que algunos llegaron al planeta tierra.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Ya en la tierra, los elementos notaron que las condiciones a las que estaban acostumbrados eran muy diferentes, por lo que se fueron acomodando para sentirse más relajados y se fueron dispersando por toda la tierra.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;En los núcleos de los átomos de hidrógeno comenzaron las discusiones y se reacomodaron de tal forma que se formaron tres especies de hidrógeno llamadas isótopos: El que más prevaleció fue el protio, el cual únicamente se conformó por un protón y un electrón y tenía una masa igual a 1&lt;span style="background:white"&gt;. De los tres isótopos &lt;/span&gt;el protio conformaba el &lt;span style="background:white"&gt;99.98% de la comunidad de los hidrógenos; el deuterio, tenía una masa igual a 2 y se conformaba de un protón con un neutrón en el centro y de un electrón rodeándolos, aunque apenas y conformaban el 0.015%, y el otro isótopo del cual apenas se formaron trazas, fue el tritio, con un protón, dos neutrones y su respectivo electrón rodeándolo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;Entre los 3 isótopos, el protio fue por mucho el más abundante, por lo que los otros 2 ni siquiera eran considerados en la comunidad de los Hidrógenos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Como los hidrógenos tenía una densidad tan pequeña, con apenas 0.0899 &lt;a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilogramo_por_metro_c%C3%BAbico" title="Kilogramo por metro cúbico"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration: none;text-underline:none"&gt;kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; y pesaban apenas 1.00797gr/mol; eran tan livianos que se transformaron en gas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Por otro lado, se caracterizaron por ser muy miedosos, y no soportaron el hecho de estar solos, por lo que se empezaron a unir con otros átomos de hidrógeno, convirtiéndose así en moléculas diatómicas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;En otros átomos de hidrógeno, era tanto su miedo, que se ligaron a atómos mucho más grandes y fuertes para sentirse seguros, por lo que se fueron al pueblo de los halógenos, donde vivían el flúor&lt;span style="background:white"&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;el cloro&lt;span style="background:white"&gt;, el bromo, &lt;/span&gt;y el yodo; otros más, decidieron irse al poblado de los calcógenos donde sus habitantes eran el oxígeno&lt;span style="background: white"&gt;, el azufre, y el selenio&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Cuando los hidrógenos se unían al Flúor, al Oxígeno o al Nitrógeno, sentían una gran atracción por las demás moléculas iguales a ellas, tanto, que los hidrógenos construyeron puentes para estar siempre en contacto con las demás. Incluso, los Hidrógenos se sienten tan felices con el Oxígeno, que es difícil que los separen y forman la molécula de agua.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Por otro lado, algunos otros hidrógenos decidieron no menospreciar a los metáles y semi-metales y se fueron a la fría y oscura ciudad donde a los metales les gustaba estar, sin embargo, en estas tierras era muy notorio que el hidrógeno se ponía de mal humor y se comportaba muy negativamente con los demás, por lo que los otros átomos lo nombraban “hidruro” para burlarse cuando se comportara así, sin embargo, los metales dejaron de hacerlo porque se dieron cuenta que el tenaz hidrógeno podía reducirlos sin ningún problema.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Cuando un átomo de Carbono y uno de hidrógeno se juntaron, notaron lo bien que se acoplaban y comenzaron a llamar a más y más de sus amigos formando nuevas colonias a las que llamaron “hidrocarburos”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Los audaces Hidrógenos, se aprovecharon de ser de los elementos más abundantes en la tierra, para distribuirse muy bien y juntarse con casi todos los elementos que existían en el planeta.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:13.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Por otro lado, el Hidrógeno por ser tan pequeño era muy tímido, y le gustaba pasar desapercibido permaneciendo incoloro e inodoro, así que ningún humano se había percatado de su existencia, hasta que 1671, Boyle notó su presencia en reacciones con ácidos que lo liberaban en forma gaseosa, aunque en realidad fue hasta 1783 cuando Lavoisier bautizó formalmente al elemento con el nombre de hidrógeno haciendo alusión a su principal característica como “generador de agua”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:13.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Después de empezar a ser reconocido ante la sociedad, el Hidrógeno se volvió tan feliz que se ofreció a ayudar a los hombres en su trabajo de la vida cotidiana.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Empezaron a utilizar a la molécula de H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; para producir productos químicos orgánicos, también lo usaron como combustible de cohetes, y se empezaron a aprovechar de la nobleza del Hidrógeno que hasta lo empezaron a usar como guerrero para que eliminara a los átomos de azufre, y no conformes, lo empezaron a &lt;span style="background:white"&gt;consumir en grandes cantidades en la hidrogenación catalítica de aceites vegetales para obtener grasas sólidas, así como en otros procesos industriales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;La principal materia prima que utilizaban para obtener al Hidrógeno eran los hidrocarburos, y empleaban principalmente al gas natural, en el cual su principal componente es el metano, y separaban a los Hidrogenitos de sus fieles compañeros los carbonos, en un proceso que los humanos llamaban “&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Reformado con vapor”&lt;span style="background:white"&gt;. También usaban más métodos dolorosos como la “&lt;/span&gt;Fotoelectrólisis”&lt;span style="background:white"&gt; para separarlos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;Tal fue la ambición del hombre al ver las maravillas que se podían hacer con el hidrógeno, que no conformes, comenzaron a ingeniárselas para poder purificar completamente al H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, y hasta inventaron procesos para su purificación, como en el método de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;“purificación adsortiva”&lt;span style="background:white"&gt; donde el gas se purifica &lt;/span&gt;de un conjunto de sustancias como CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;, y también se atrevieron a purificarlo&lt;span style="background:white"&gt; en&lt;/span&gt; “procesos con disolventes físicos”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:13.5pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;Esta situación ya no les estaba agradando a los nobles elementos, y la historia culminó cuando &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;los hidrógenos se enojaron &lt;span style="background:white"&gt;tanto por ser explotados&lt;/span&gt;, que para hacerse respetar, comenzaron a comportarse como una de las sustancias más inflamables&lt;span style="background:white"&gt; de todas las que se conocen&lt;/span&gt;, tanto, que hasta la fecha los humanos piensan dos veces antes de trabajar con nuestro tierno amigo el Hidrógeno.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Fuentes:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Hidrógeno. Consultado 30/11/2011. Disponible en:&lt;a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3geno#Compuestos"&gt;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3geno#Compuestos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Hidrógeno. Consultado 30/11/2011. Disponible en:&lt;a href="http://www.lenntech.es/periodica/elementos/h.htm"&gt;http://www.lenntech.es/periodica/elementos/h.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;El átomo. Consultado 30/11/2011. Disponible en: &lt;a href="http://futureaction.net/tag/fisica/"&gt;http://futureaction.net/tag/fisica/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Producción del Hidrógeno. Consultado 30/11/2011. Disponible en:&lt;a href="http://www.textoscientificos.com/quimica/hidrogeno/produccion"&gt;http://www.textoscientificos.com/quimica/hidrogeno/produccion&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Purificación del Hidrógeno. Consultado 30/11/2011. Disponible en:&lt;a href="http://www.textoscientificos.com/quimica/hidrogeno/purificacion-hidrogeno"&gt;http://www.textoscientificos.com/quimica/hidrogeno/purificacion-hidrogeno&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Origen del Hidrógeno. Consultado 30/11/2011. Disponible en:&lt;a href="http://www.portalplanetasedna.com.ar/big_bang.htm"&gt;http://www.portalplanetasedna.com.ar/big_bang.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;Teoría del Big Bang. Consultado 30/11/2011. Disponible en:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&amp;quot;Candara&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; color:blue;mso-fareast-language:ES"&gt;&lt;a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teor%C3%ADa_del_Big_Bang"&gt;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teor%C3%ADa_del_Big_Bang&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Candara, sans-serif; "&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: &amp;quot;Candara&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoListParagraph"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-847460271350935383?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/847460271350935383/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=847460271350935383' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/847460271350935383'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/847460271350935383'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/el-pequeno-hidrogeno-continuacion-se.html' title=''/><author><name>Olga Vaquera</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-5376378141726582746</id><published>2011-12-01T20:16:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T20:17:22.665-08:00</updated><title type='text'>When It Comes to Churning out Electrons, Metal Glass Beats Plastics</title><content type='html'>&lt;p id="first"&gt;&lt;span class="date"&gt;ScienceDaily (Nov. 21, 2011)&lt;/span&gt; —  Field emission devices, which produce a steady stream of electrons, have  a host of consumer, industrial, and research applications. Recent  designs based on nanotubes and other nanomaterials embedded in plastics  show initial promise, but have a number of drawbacks that hinder their  wide-scale application.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The embedded nanotubes, which serve as the source for the electrons,  also enable the normally inert plastic to conduct electricity. This has  the desired effect of producing a versatile and easily manufactured  field emission device. But since plastics are, by nature, poor  conductors of electricity, they require a high concentration of  nanomaterials to function. Plastics also have low thermal stability and  do not hold up well under the excess heat produced by prolonged  operation.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A team of researchers from Monash University in Australia, in  collaboration with colleagues from CSIRO Process Science and  Engineering, has developed a promising and easily manufactured  replacement for plastics: amorphous bulk metallic glass (ABM). These ABM  alloys form amorphous materials as they cool, giving them more of a  glass-like behavior. In a paper accepted for publication in the AIP's  journal Applied Physics Letters, the researchers used an alloy made from  magnesium, copper, and gadolinium.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This metallic glass has many of plastics' desirable features. It can  conform to a variety of shapes, be produced in bulk, and serve as an  effective matrix for the nanotubes. Besides its high conductivity, the  metallic glass' highly robust thermal properties mean that it can  withstand high temperatures and still retain its shape and durability.  According to the researchers, these advantages, alongside excellent  electron emission properties, make these composites one of the best  reported options for electron emission applications to date.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Though other composites of bulk metallic glass and carbon nanotubes  have been reported before, this is the first time that such a system is  being used for a functional device, such as for field emission. Electron  microscopes, microwave or X-ray generation, nano-electronics, and  modern display devices are all examples of the potential applications of  this technology, the researchers note.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111121104155.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-5376378141726582746?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/5376378141726582746/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=5376378141726582746' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5376378141726582746'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5376378141726582746'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/when-it-comes-to-churning-out-electrons.html' title='When It Comes to Churning out Electrons, Metal Glass Beats Plastics'/><author><name>M. Laura Sosa M.</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05241601217147734983</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-6970493673394179936</id><published>2011-12-01T20:13:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T20:40:02.037-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Citizen science: Solve scientific puzzles while playing</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 7px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.4em !important; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;Foldit is an online multiplayer game, created by Seth Cooper and Zoran Popovic at the University of Washington. It’s designed to tap the collecting problem-solving skills of thousands of people, by reframing scientific problems in a way that even a complete novice can tackle.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 7px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.4em !important; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;In the game, players work together to decipher the structures of proteins. These molecules are feats of biological origami; they consist of long chains of amino acids that scrunch up into complicated three-dimensional shapes. Scientists need to resolve these shapes to understand how the proteins work, and the usual methods involve bouncing X-rays off purified crystals (which is difficult) or using predictive software (which is imperfect). Cooper and Popovic went down a third route: they got gamers to play their way to a solution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 7px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.4em !important; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;span id="more-5725"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Their game converts the complicated business of protein structures into simple language and mechanics. While scientists might “rotate alpha-helices” and “fix degrees of freedom”, Foldit players use intuitive controls to “tweak”, “wiggle” and “shake” their colourful, on-screen shapes. The system seems simple, but the players have used it to outperform Rosetta, the state-of-the-art programme for solving protein structures (and the one that Foldit itself spawned from). They even helped to figure out the structure of a protein that gone unsolved for over a decade – it took them three weeks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 7px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.4em !important; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;Citizen science is clearly more than a good aproach to problems in science. Creativity can come from anybody and like Albert Einsten said: "Imagination is more important than knowledge"&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 7px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.4em !important; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;Here are the links to the official page of the proyect, the link of the original article and the one from the news.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 7px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.4em !important; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;a href="http://fold.it/portal/"&gt;http://fold.it/portal/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 7px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.4em !important; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2011/11/07/computer-gamers-foldit-protein-algorithm/#more-5725"&gt;http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2011/11/07/computer-gamers-foldit-protein-algorithm/#more-5725&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 7px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.4em !important; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/108/47/18949"&gt;http://www.pnas.org/content/108/47/18949&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-6970493673394179936?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/6970493673394179936/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=6970493673394179936' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/6970493673394179936'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/6970493673394179936'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/citizen-science-solve-scientific.html' title='Citizen science: Solve scientific puzzles while playing'/><author><name>Juan Pablo Vizuet</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02298557656426491104</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-654013003491379532</id><published>2011-12-01T20:06:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T20:09:50.715-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Lithium Aluminates on a Molecular Titanium Oxide</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id="abstractBox"&gt;&lt;div id="absImg"&gt;&lt;img alt="Abstract Image" src="http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2011/inocaj.2011.50.issue-23/ic201838z/production/images/medium/ic-2011-01838z_0005.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="articleBody_abstractText"&gt;Lithium aluminates Li[Al(O-2,6-Me&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)R′&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;] (R′ = Et, Ph) react with the μ&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-alkylidyne oxoderivative ligands [{Ti(η&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;-C&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;Me&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;)(μ-O)}&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;(μ&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-CR)] [R = H (&lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;), Me (&lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;)] to afford the aluminum–lithium–titanium cubane complexes [{R′&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;Al(μ-O-2,6-Me&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)Li}(μ&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;3&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;-O)&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;{Ti(η&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;-C&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;Me&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;)}&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;(μ&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-CR)] [R = H, R′ = Et (&lt;b&gt;5&lt;/b&gt;), Ph (&lt;b&gt;7&lt;/b&gt;); R = Me, R′ = Et (&lt;b&gt;6&lt;/b&gt;), Ph (&lt;b&gt;8&lt;/b&gt;)]. Complex &lt;b&gt;7&lt;/b&gt; evolves with the formation of a lithium dicubane species and a Li{Al(μ-O-2,6-Me&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)Ph&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;}&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;] unit.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="articleBody_abstractText"&gt;Full Article: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ic201838z&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-654013003491379532?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/654013003491379532/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=654013003491379532' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/654013003491379532'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/654013003491379532'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/lithium-aluminates-on-molecular.html' title='Lithium Aluminates on a Molecular Titanium Oxide'/><author><name>M. Laura Sosa M.</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05241601217147734983</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3214224085052576637</id><published>2011-12-01T19:57:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T19:58:06.680-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Trabajo final: aluminio</title><content type='html'>Un día, Aluminio estaba por salir de la preparatoria y decidió buscar opciones de buenas universidades, que le brindaran la oportunidad de tener un buen estudio, tener nuevos amigos y sentirse cómodo.  En una de sus búsquedas, encontró la oferta académica de la UDLAP. &lt;br /&gt;El nunca había escuchado de esta universidad, sin embargo, al buscar más información encontró que era muy buena en el departamento de ciencias químico biológicas. Desde ese momento, supo que tenía que conocer la escuela para que sus pensamientos fueran correctos, ya que al ver imágenes y tener más información sobre esta universidad decidió que quería ser parte de sus estudiantes.&lt;br /&gt;Entonces, recibió  la magnífica noticia de que la UDLAP ofrecía una expo donde todas sus dudas podrían ser resueltas.  Aluminio era un niño muy tranquilo e inocente, sin embargo, le encantaba tener muchas uniones con otras personas y tener buenos amigos. Estaba muy ansioso, por llegar a la UDLAP y conocerla, tanto que todos los días soñaba con ese gran momento. &lt;br /&gt;El día esperado llego. Aluminio llego a la CAPU y de ahí tomo un taxi que lo llevaría a su destino.  Cuando a lo lejos observó el bello paisaje de la pirámide y los volcanes supo que esa sería una gran opción. Al conocer todo, se fue muy satisfecho de vuelta a su casa y empezó los trámites de admisión. Después de 3 meses, el día de entrar a la universidad llego.  Sintió un poco de nostalgia al dejar a su familia y a sus antiguos amigos pero a la vez estaba feliz porque sabía que llegaba a un muy bonito lugar y que haría nuevos amigos y que tendría una experiencia plena en la Universidad. &lt;br /&gt;Al llegar a la Universidad, se sintió muy raro y estaba con los sentimientos encontrados. Una vez que empezó el curso de inducción y que conoció a sus compañeros de habitación todo eso cambio por una gran emoción. En el curso de inducción, Aluminio era conocido como Al y fue asignado al grupo IIIA y era el número 13 para las actividades. &lt;br /&gt;Uno de sus compañeros, el Galio le pregunto de donde era su nombre. Aluminio les conto a sus compañeros que su nombre se lo había puesto su padre ya que en sus tiempos fue el desarrollo de la física y la química. Su padre, era coleccionista de rocas y le gustaba mucho saber sobre la química y lo que las rocas podían hacer en esta ciencia, como por ejemplo, el formar joyas. &lt;br /&gt;Su padre supo un día, que el aluminio se podía obtener y extraer de las rocas como la bauxita , después por electrolisis y por procesos que después se conocieron procesos como  proceso Hall-Héroult.&lt;br /&gt;Aluminio, mostraba abundancia en su interior.  Era de los niños más conocidos en toda la universidad y nunca se le veía  andar libre por la naturaleza y los pasillos que existen en la UDLAP. &lt;br /&gt;Era muy buena persona e irradiaba energía en las personas. Aluminio, parecía tener una buena electricidad y una buena reflectividad en las personas. Aluminio era muy bueno en los deportes por lo que se entero también que en la UDLAP había muy buenos equipos representativos. &lt;br /&gt;Al entrar al equipo, y encontrarse con personas excelentes también en el deporte, se dio cuenta que también tenía defectos al igual que cualidades.&lt;br /&gt;Aluminio era muy blando, y era aventajado por el silicio y el oxígeno. Tenía cualidades como el ser muy flaco que lo hacían más débiles que otros. Su punto de fusión comparado con otros era bajo, comparado con ellos, y se encontraba en 660 grados centígrados. &lt;br /&gt;Al principio Aluminio se desesperó mucho y ya no quería seguir en el equipo. Pero su gran amigo, Galio, lo alentó a que no se saliera y siguiera divirtiéndose haciendo lo que le gustaba. Aunque Aluminio, tenía un peso 27 gramos y una densidad de 2.7 de grasa sabía que podía lograrlo. &lt;br /&gt;Aluminio tenía un punto débil ya que cuando era expuesto a grandes concentraciones, podía tener problemas de salud. En altas concentraciones, su cuerpo generaba iones que no lo dejaban tener una buena actividad física ya que le producían problemas en el sistema nervioso. &lt;br /&gt;Aluminio no sabía qué hacer, pero descubrió que eso podía ser cuidado al tener una buena alimentación y al cuidarse a la hora de realizar el ejercicio. &lt;br /&gt;Se pudo cuidar al descubrir que podía hacer un papel que le cubriera parte de sus piernas y brazos para no generar los iones, y también tenía buenas propiedades ópticas lo cual lo hacían tener buenos reflejos y una buena vista.&lt;br /&gt;Aluminio, descubrió también que el tener una actitud positiva ante sus compañeros generaba que este fuera mucho mejor al formar equipo e individualmente como jugador lo hacían sentirse más feliz.&lt;br /&gt;Al poco tiempo, Aluminio descubrió, que Silicio y Oxigeno eran buenos compañeros y que al formar aleaciones con sus compañeros de equipo se generaban propiedades y técnicas mas útiles y una mayor resistencia para pelear contra sus contrincantes; por lo cual aluminio tendría una mayor actividad en cada una de sus grandes aplicaciones. &lt;br /&gt;Esta lección, quedo aprendida por Aluminio y por todos sus compañeros. Un equipo es conformado por muchas personas y no solo por unos cuantos. Una buena relación entre ellos, hace que tengan una gran amistad  y una mayor diversión en la universidad.&lt;br /&gt;Ahora, Aluminio ha tenido una gran experiencia y ha sido muy feliz de haber tomado la decisión de encontrarse estudiando en la UDLAP. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.lenntech.es/periodica/elementos/al.htm&lt;br /&gt;Millán Gómez, Simón (2006). Procedimientos de Mecanizado. Madrid: Editorial Paraninfo. ISBN 84-9732-428-5.&lt;br /&gt;William F. Smith (1998). Fundamentos de la Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales. Madrid: Editorial Mc Graw Hill. ISBN 84-481-1429-9.&lt;br /&gt;Sandvik Coromant (2006). Guía Técnica de Mecanizado. AB Sandvik Coromant 2005.10.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3214224085052576637?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3214224085052576637/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3214224085052576637' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3214224085052576637'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3214224085052576637'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/trabajo-final-aluminio.html' title='Trabajo final: aluminio'/><author><name>Mariana Garay</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15152429505589102054</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3233088932456718549</id><published>2011-12-01T19:45:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T20:08:44.427-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Tierras raras a tu alrededor</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Todos han escuchado hablar de las tierras raras, pero no muchos conocen el origen de ellas. En una mina de un pueblo conocido como Ytterby un geólogo llamado Carl Arrhenius encontró una piedra negra. Movido por su curiosidad científica, se la mandó a Johan Gadolin para que la analizara. Siete años después Gadolin declaró que el especímen contenía un nuevo elemento y lo nombró Itrio, en honor al pueblo donde fue encontrado. Muchos años después, seis elementos más fueron aislados de esa roca: Iterbio, Erbio, Terbio (estos 3 en honor a Ytterby), Holmio (de Estocolmo), Escandio y Tulio (del latín de Escandinavia). La mina de Ytterby cerró, pero el pueblo aún existe y su influencia es más grande de lo que muchos pensarían.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;El nombre de tierras raras fue dado ya que en esa época eran materiales difíciles de encontrar y sólo existían en forma de óxidos. Actualmente sabemos lo contrario. Todos los metales conocidos como tierras raras (a excepción del Prometio) son más abundantes que la plata.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Las propiedades de estos elementos son muy vastas, algunos ejemplos son sus características magnéticas, eléctricas, ópticas, etc. Se encuentran desde los encendedores, automóviles, computadoras e incluso en bates de baseball. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Les anexo el artículo donde hablan más específico de las aplicaciones, así como de su importancia económica (una onza de europio cuesta cuarenta dolares, más que la plata).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://discovermagazine.com/2011/jul-aug/12-meet-obscure-metals-that-lurk-products-all-around-you/rareearths.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Fuente&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://discovermagazine.com/2011/jul-aug/12-meet-obscure-metals-that-lurk-products-all-around-you"&gt;http://discovermagazine.com/2011/jul-aug/12-meet-obscure-metals-that-lurk-products-all-around-you&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3233088932456718549?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3233088932456718549/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3233088932456718549' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3233088932456718549'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3233088932456718549'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/tierras-raras-tu-alrededor.html' title='Tierras raras a tu alrededor'/><author><name>Juan Pablo Vizuet</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02298557656426491104</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-5395894178954231851</id><published>2011-12-01T19:40:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T19:43:52.061-08:00</updated><title type='text'>El mecanismo de pliegue de las proteinas</title><content type='html'>&lt;b style="font-family: Arial, verdana, Tahoma, 'Century gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; "&gt;Las proteínas son los bloques de construcción más importantes de la vida. Para que el cuerpo funcione apropiadamente, la secuencia de aminoácidos tiene que ser plegada en una definida estructura tridimensional dentro de cada célula. Si falla este proceso de plegado de alta complejidad, aparecen enfermedades graves como el cáncer, el Alzheimer o el Parkinson.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, verdana, Tahoma, 'Century gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; "&gt;Durante mucho tiempo, los investigadores biomédicos han tratado de entender, en detalle, de qué forma se produce el plegado. Una de estas cuestiones era cómo las enzimas ayudaban al plegado. En el caso de la proteína parvulin &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, verdana, Tahoma, 'Century gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; "&gt; al menos, un grupo de enzimas ayudantes del plegado, las nuevas respuestas vienen de la mano de los científicos del Centro de Biotecnología Médica de la Universidad de Duisburg-Essen (UDE), Alemania. Los doctores Peter Bayer y Jonathan W. Mueller, lograron visualizar los átomos simples de hidrógeno dentro del núcleo de cristales de alta difracción, de la proteína &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, verdana, Tahoma, 'Century gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; font-style: italic; "&gt;parvulin Par14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, verdana, Tahoma, 'Century gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; "&gt;. Su estudio fue publicado en el &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, verdana, Tahoma, 'Century gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; font-style: italic; "&gt;Journal of the American Chemical Society&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, verdana, Tahoma, 'Century gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; "&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, verdana, Tahoma, 'Century gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; "&gt;Entre otras, estas enzimas son los responsables de plegar y mantener las proteínas en su estructura tridimensional nativa. Aunque existe un profundo conocimiento sobre la estructura y mecanismos de estas enzimas, el papel de los aminoácidos individuales en el núcleo catalítico de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, verdana, Tahoma, 'Century gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; font-style: italic; "&gt;parvulin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, verdana, Tahoma, 'Century gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; "&gt; ha permanecido desconocido hasta la fecha.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, verdana, Tahoma, 'Century gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; "&gt;Los átomos de hidrógeno son muy pequeños y, por tanto, normalmente invisibles a los ojos de los rayos X en la investigación de proteínas. Dentro del núcleo de la proteína Par14, sin embargo, pudieron ser visualizadas por los científicos de la Universidad de Bayreuth.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, verdana, Tahoma, 'Century gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; "&gt;"Esto nos ha ayudado enormemente. Pudimos realizar una intrincada red de enlaces de hidrógeno que conectaban los diferentes aminoácidos dentro del núcleo de la proteína", comentaba el Dr. Mueller. Si uno de estos aminoácidos se sustituye por otro bloque de construcción de proteínas, la actividad catalítica casi se desvanece completamente. Y esta es la primera prueba de que una extensa red de enlaces de hidrógeno es el elemento central de las enzimas ayudantes de plegado, del tipo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Arial, verdana, Tahoma, 'Century gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; font-style: italic; "&gt;parvulin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, verdana, Tahoma, 'Century gothic', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; "&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-5395894178954231851?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/5395894178954231851/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=5395894178954231851' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5395894178954231851'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5395894178954231851'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/el-mecanismo-de-pliegue-de-las.html' title='El mecanismo de pliegue de las proteinas'/><author><name>Cesar Martinez</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/04339727661974876959</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-7008538957267112780</id><published>2011-12-01T19:31:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T19:32:27.211-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Communication In Vitro and in Vivo Fluorescent Imaging of a Monofunctional Chelated Platinum Complex Excitable Using Visible Light</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id="abstractBox"&gt;&lt;div id="absImg"&gt;&lt;img alt="Abstract Image" src="http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2011/inocaj.2011.50.issue-23/ic201506y/production/images/medium/ic-2011-01506y_0004.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="articleBody_abstractText"&gt;The  biological fluorescent distribution of a model antitumor monofunctional  platinum(II) complex bearing a 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole fluorophore  can be visualized in breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells, pulmonary carcinoma  A549 cells, kidney epithelial 293T cells, and zebrafish larva.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="articleBody_abstractText"&gt;Full Article: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ic201506y&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-7008538957267112780?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/7008538957267112780/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=7008538957267112780' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/7008538957267112780'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/7008538957267112780'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/communication-in-vitro-and-in-vivo.html' title='Communication In Vitro and in Vivo Fluorescent Imaging of a Monofunctional Chelated Platinum Complex Excitable Using Visible Light'/><author><name>M. Laura Sosa M.</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05241601217147734983</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-4252732406038912133</id><published>2011-12-01T19:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T19:39:55.825-08:00</updated><title type='text'>International Science &amp; Engineering Visualization Challenge</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; "&gt;La ciencia siempre ha estado acompañada por imágenes o esquemas, esto para un mejor entendimiento del tema a tratar. Todo mundo ha escuchado hablar sobre fractales, manchas solares, la doble hélice del DNA, etc. Para seguir fomentando el uso de imágenes y en la búsqueda de nuevas formas de ver el universo, la revista &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style="font-family: arial; "&gt;Science&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; "&gt; en conjunto con la Fundación Nacional de Ciencia (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;National Science Foundation) crearon un concurso conocido como el International Science &amp;amp; Engineering Visualization Challenge. Las imágenes capturadas son sorprendentes y las categorías que pueden participar son: ilustraciones, fotografías, posters y gráficas informales, juegos interactivos y videos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;Aquí les dejo la sinopsis del concurso, así como links a otras imágenes de ciencia bastante impresionantes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/scivis/challenge.jsp"&gt;http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/scivis/challenge.jsp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://discovermagazine.com/photos/27-the-most-psychedelic-images-in-science"&gt;http://discovermagazine.com/photos/27-the-most-psychedelic-images-in-science&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://discovermagazine.com/photos/17-the-brain-is-ready-for-its-close-up"&gt;http://discovermagazine.com/photos/17-the-brain-is-ready-for-its-close-up&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://discovermagazine.com/photos/03-beatifully-detailed-supercomputer-simulations"&gt;http://discovermagazine.com/photos/03-beatifully-detailed-supercomputer-simulations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-4252732406038912133?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/4252732406038912133/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=4252732406038912133' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/4252732406038912133'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/4252732406038912133'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/international-science-engineering.html' title='International Science &amp; Engineering Visualization Challenge'/><author><name>Juan Pablo Vizuet</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02298557656426491104</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-2860056162179884773</id><published>2011-12-01T19:07:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T19:08:07.659-08:00</updated><title type='text'>New Class of Small Molecules Discovered Through Innovative Chemistry</title><content type='html'>&lt;p id="first"&gt;&lt;span class="date"&gt;ScienceDaily (Nov. 20, 2011)&lt;/span&gt; —  Inspired by natural products, scientists on the Florida campus of The  Scripps Research Institute have created a new class of small molecules  with the potential to serve as a rich foundation for drug discovery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Combining the power of synthetic chemistry with some advanced  screening technologies, the new approach could eventually expand by  millions the number of provocative synthetic compounds available to  explore as potential drug candidates. This approach overcomes  substantial molecular limitations associated with state-of-the-art  approaches in small molecule synthesis and screening, which often serve  as the foundation of current drug discovery efforts.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The study, led by Scripps Research Associate Professor Glenn  Micalizio, was published November 20, 2011, in an advanced online  edition of the journal&lt;em&gt; Nature Chemistry.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To frame the significance of this advance, Micalizio explains that  high-throughput screening is an important component of modern drug  discovery. In high-throughput screening, diverse collections of  molecules are evaluated en masse for potential function in a biological  area of interest. In this process, success is critically dependent on  the composition of the molecular collections under evaluation. Modern  screening centers maintain a relatively static collection of molecules,  the majority of which are commercially available materials that have  structures unrelated to natural products -- molecules that are  appreciated as validated leads for drug development.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"This divergence in structure between natural products and  commercially available synthetics lies at the heart of our inquiry,"  said Micalizio. "Why should we limit discovery of therapeutic leads to  compound collections that are influenced by concerns relating to  commercial availability and compatibility with an artificial set of  constraints associated with the structure of modern screening centers?"&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To expand the compounds available for investigation, the scientists  embraced an approach to structural diversity that mimics nature's engine  for the discovery of molecules with biological function. This process,  termed "oligomerization," is a modular means of assembling structures  (akin to the way that letters are used in a sequence to provide words  with meaning) where a small collection of monomeric units can deliver a  vast collection of oligomeric products of varying length, structure, and  function (like the diversity of words presented in a dictionary).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Coupling this technique with a synthetic design aimed at generating  molecules that boast molecular features inspired by the structures of  bioactive natural products (specifically, polyketide-derived natural  products, which include erythromycin, FK-506, and epothilone), the  scientists established a new chemical platform for the discovery of  potential therapeutics.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Micalizio points out: "The importance of oligomerization to drive  discovery is well appreciated in chemistry and biology, yet a means to  realize this process as an entry to small molecule natural  product-inspired structures has remained elusive. The crux of the  problem is related to challenges associated with the control of shape  for each member of a complex oligomer collection -- the central  molecular feature that defines biological function."&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"It is the stability associated with the shape of these new compounds  that lies at the heart of the practical advance," he continued. "The  unique features of this science now make possible the ability to  synthesize large collections of diverse natural product-inspired  structures that have predictable and stable three-dimensional shapes."&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Micalizio said that the science described represents a first step  toward revolutionizing discovery at the interface of chemistry, biology,  and medicine by embracing nature's strategy for molecular discovery.  Coupling this type of advance with modern screening technology that can  handle the evaluation of large compound collections at low cost (such as  work by Scripps Florida Professor Thomas Kodadek, a co-author of the  new study), can dramatically enhance the future of pharmaceutically  relevant science.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The potential of this vision was highlighted in the new study, in  which a 160,000-member compound collection was employed to discover the  first non-covalent small molecule ligand to the DNA binding domain of  p53 -- an important transcription factor that regulates a variety of  genes involved in cell cycle control and cell death.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The first author of the study, "A Biomimetic Polyketide-Inspired  Approach to Small-Molecule Ligand Discovery," is Claudio Aquino of  Scripps Research. In addition to Micalizio and Kodadek, other authors  include Mohosin Sarkar, Michael J. Chalmers, and Kimberly Mendes.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The study was supported by the Fidelity Biosciences Research  Initiative, The State of Florida (The Florida Funding Corporation), and  the National Institutes of Health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reference: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111120134706.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-2860056162179884773?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/2860056162179884773/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=2860056162179884773' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/2860056162179884773'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/2860056162179884773'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/new-class-of-small-molecules-discovered.html' title='New Class of Small Molecules Discovered Through Innovative Chemistry'/><author><name>M. Laura Sosa M.</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05241601217147734983</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3634188975095734016</id><published>2011-12-01T18:59:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T19:05:43.494-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Graphene Foam Beats Existing Gas Sensors in Detecting Explosives and Emissions</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;           &lt;style&gt;@font-face {   font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face {   font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }&lt;/style&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(14, 14, 14);font-family:Arial;" &gt;Un Nuevo estudio de Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute demuestra como el grafeno puede ser utilizado en sensores comerciales para gas; detectando sustancias químicas peligrosas y explosivas. Éste descubrimiento abre la puerta para una nueva generación de sensores para gases que puedan ser utilizados por escuadrones antibombas, oficiales de policía y otras organizaciones de defensa, así como algunas industrias.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(14, 14, 14);font-family:Arial;" &gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.nanomagazine.co.uk/images/stories/Rensselaer_Gas_Sensor2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 261px; height: 135px;" src="http://www.nanomagazine.co.uk/images/stories/Rensselaer_Gas_Sensor2.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(14, 14, 14);font-family:Arial;" &gt;El nuevo sensor demostró de forma repetida y exitosa su capacidad para detectar NH&lt;sub&gt;3 &lt;/sub&gt;y NO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;en concentraciones tan pequeñas como 20 partes por millón. Fabricado a base de hojas de grafeno que crecen como una espuma aproximadamente del tamaño de una estampilla postal. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;"En la década pasada los investigadores han intentado crear y operar dispositivos nanoestructurados como sensores para gases, debido a su alta sensibilidad a dicha escala. Sin embargo se encontraban con prototipos que requerían procesos de fabricación muy elaborados y materia prima poco común, lo que los hacía muy caros para implementarlos de forma industrial. Gracias a un proceso utilizando las propiedades del grafeno y nanopartículas de oro, hemos conseguido un sensor que logra competir con los màs eficientes actualmente"      -Dr. Koratkar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/RHVW2kCr3Iw?fs=1" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" width="480"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/center&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3634188975095734016?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3634188975095734016/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3634188975095734016' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3634188975095734016'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3634188975095734016'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/font-face-font-family-arial-font-face.html' title='Graphene Foam Beats Existing Gas Sensors in Detecting Explosives and Emissions'/><author><name>Enrique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02511816274090840809</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/RHVW2kCr3Iw/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-7499231370407744017</id><published>2011-12-01T18:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T18:53:21.106-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Chemists Develop Compounds Capable of Forming Heath-Resistant, Economic and Biocompatible Gels</title><content type='html'>&lt;p id="first"&gt;&lt;span class="date"&gt;ScienceDaily (Nov. 9, 2011)&lt;/span&gt; —  Eating a yogurt or a jelly, using a pharmaceutical or cosmetic cream or  shampoo are just some of the numerous everyday actions in which we use  gels developed through a process of gelation. Researchers from  Universitat Jaume I have patented a new family of compounds that enables  to develop gels more resistant to high temperatures with a higher level  of biocompatibility and able to work with a variety of organic  solvents, and all this with an easy synthesis, scalable and low cost.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This family of compounds has significant applications in industries  such as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics or food industry, among others.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A jellifying agent is a substance that when is added to a liquid,  transforms it into ice. When the liquid used is water, it is called &lt;em&gt;hydrogel&lt;/em&gt;. But if the solvents used are organic compounds, they use organojellifying compounds such as the developed by the group &lt;em&gt;Sustainable chemistry: supported reactants and catalysts. Supramolecular chemistry&lt;/em&gt;  from the UJI, led by the chair professor Santiago Luis. 'Normally, when  we develop a compound or family compounds able to form organogels, they  only act in such a way in a very small number of solvents. The  fundamental difference is that our group of compounds is capable of  forming gels with a very high range of solvents', the researcher  explains.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Another contribution of the compound is its ability to maintain  stability at temperatures up to 100° C, thus allowing the products to  keep their properties. In addition, the basic chemical structures that  form compounds are amino acids, which provide products that are in most  cases biocompatible. 'As they have units easily acceptable by the  biological world, they don't have incompatibility, allergies or  toxicities problems," Santiago Luis stresses.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To all these advantages, we have to add the fact that these compounds with a jellifying action at low concentrations are cheap.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111109093727.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-7499231370407744017?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/7499231370407744017/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=7499231370407744017' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/7499231370407744017'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/7499231370407744017'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/chemists-develop-compounds-capable-of.html' title='Chemists Develop Compounds Capable of Forming Heath-Resistant, Economic and Biocompatible Gels'/><author><name>M. Laura Sosa M.</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05241601217147734983</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-2831831766595424556</id><published>2011-12-01T18:49:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T19:10:37.071-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Micro Nukes: A new hope for nuclear energy?</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;Nuclear power fell into a long funk after the partial core meltdown&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt; at the Three Mile Island reactor in Pennsylvania in 1979.Many nuclear plant construction came to a halt, and before the industry could recover, the 1986 reactor breach&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt; at the Chernobyl nuclear plant in Ukraine seemed to seal the fate of nuclear power.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;Now the technology is back again—this time in a good way—because it produces virtually no carbon emissions and it get us away from the turbulent politics and economics of oil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;Now the new idea reviving this energy industry is called micro nukes or micro nuclear plants. Miniaturized nuclear plants are small enough to be mass-produced, driving down costs, and they can be shipped just about anywhere by truck or boat, even to locations that are off the electric net. Also, micro nukes can be designed to run a long time without maintenance or refueling. They could be sealed like a big battery and buried underground for as long as three decades, so terrorists could not get into them and nuclear waste could not get out. A spent micro nuke could simply be plucked out of the ground and shipped whole to a waste-processing or recycling facility anywhere in the world; the old one could be swapped out for a new one, cartridge-style.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt; Like mainstream reactors, it is a “light water” design: The reactor is pressurized and filled with plain water that flows past the core, where the radioactive decay of uranium-235 generates intense heat. The heat boils a separate tank of water and turns it to steam, which in turn drives turbines that produce electricity. But there are differences. A conventional plant requires a vast, complex array of pumps, pipes, and valves to move enormous quantities of water between the reactor vessel, a separate steam-generating chamber, and a cooling tank. Micronukes keeps things simpler with a tall, thin, single-vessel design. Water heated by the core ascends in a chimneylike metal structure inside the reactor, then spills over the top of the chimney and sinks back down along the inside walls of the reactor to repeat the journey. High pressure inside the reactor prevents the superheated water from boiling. As the water climbs over the top of the chimney in the reactor, it passes over a long coil of pipe, transferring much of its heat to water inside the coil. Lower pressure in the coil allows the water to boil, and the resulting steam travels up the pipe to power a turbine.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;img src="http://discovermagazine.com/2010/jun/05-the-big-promise-of-micro-nukes/reactor.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;However, sticking with proven light-water technology has some downsides. To keep the water from boiling and losing its heat-transferring properties, light-water reactors cannot run at the high temperatures that are most efficient for producing power. And even at lower temperatures, preventing boiling requires high pressure. In the unlikely event that an overheating core causes a reactor breach, the pressure could potentially cause an explosive venting of radioactive gases into the environment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;Source&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 17px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;a href="http://discovermagazine.com/2010/jun/05-the-big-promise-of-micro-nukes"&gt;http://discovermagazine.com/2010/jun/05-the-big-promise-of-micro-nukes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-2831831766595424556?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/2831831766595424556/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=2831831766595424556' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/2831831766595424556'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/2831831766595424556'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/micro-nukes-new-hope-for-nuclear-energy.html' title='Micro Nukes: A new hope for nuclear energy?'/><author><name>Juan Pablo Vizuet</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02298557656426491104</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-5567841218382910998</id><published>2011-12-01T18:30:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T18:37:45.570-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Anion-Dependent Formation of Helicates versus Mesocates of Triple-Stranded M2L3 (M = Fe2+, Cu2+) Complexes</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id="abstractBox"&gt;&lt;div id="absImg"&gt;&lt;img alt="Abstract Image" src="http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/0/inocaj.ahead-of-print/ic201417y/aop/images/medium/ic-2011-01417y_0012.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="articleBody_abstractText"&gt;A series of dinuclear triple-stranded complexes, [Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;L&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;img src="http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/entities/2283.gif" alt="" class="entityA" align="bottom" /&gt;X]X&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; [X = BF&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;–&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;), ClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;–&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;)], [Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;L&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;img src="http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/entities/2283.gif" alt="" class="entityA" align="bottom" /&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;]&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;b&gt;3&lt;/b&gt;), [Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;L&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;img src="http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/entities/2283.gif" alt="" class="entityA" align="bottom" /&gt;Br](BPh&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;b&gt;4&lt;/b&gt;), Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;L&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;(NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)Br&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;b&gt;5&lt;/b&gt;), and [Cu&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;L&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;img src="http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/entities/2283.gif" alt="" class="entityA" align="bottom" /&gt;NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;](NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;b&gt;6&lt;/b&gt;),  which incorporate a central cavity to encapsulate different anions,  have been synthesized via the self-assembly of iron(II) or copper(II)  salts with the &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;′-bis[5-(2,2′-bipyridyl)methyl]imidazolium bromide (LBr) ligand. X-ray crystallographic studies (for &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;–&lt;b&gt;4&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;6&lt;/b&gt;)  and elemental analyses confirmed the cagelike triple-stranded  structure. The anionic guest is bound in the cage and shows remarkable  influence on the outcome of the self-assembly process with regard to the  configuration at the metal centers. The mesocates (with different  configurations at the two metal centers) have formed in the presence of  large tetrahedral anions, while helicates (with the same configuration  at both metal centers) were obtained when using the relatively smaller  spherical or trigonal-planar anions Br&lt;sup&gt;–&lt;/sup&gt; or NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;–&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="articleBody_abstractText"&gt;Full Article: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ic201417y&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-5567841218382910998?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/5567841218382910998/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=5567841218382910998' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5567841218382910998'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5567841218382910998'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/anion-dependent-formation-of-helicates.html' title='Anion-Dependent Formation of Helicates versus Mesocates of Triple-Stranded M2L3 (M = Fe2+, Cu2+) Complexes'/><author><name>M. Laura Sosa M.</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05241601217147734983</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-6551910968639617235</id><published>2011-12-01T18:29:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T18:36:18.015-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Carbon nanotubes could make t-shirts bullet proof</title><content type='html'>&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="10" style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;tbody style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have great potential applications in making ballistic-resistance materials. The remarkable properties of CNTs makes them an ideal candidate for reinforcing polymers and other materials, and could lead to applications such as bullet-proof vests as light as a T-shirt, shields, and explosion-proof blankets. For these applications, thinner, lighter, and flexible materials with superior dynamic mechanical properties are required. A new study by researchers in Australia explores the energy absorption capacity of a single-walled carbon nanotube under a ballistic impact. The result offers a useful guideline for using CNTs as a reinforcing phase of materials to make devices to prevent from ballistic penetration or high speed impact.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Professor &lt;a href="http://nt-542.aeromech.usyd.edu.au/" target="new" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "&gt;Liangchi Zhang&lt;/a&gt; from the School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering at the University of Sydney explained the new research to Nanowerk: " Especially in making bullet-proof vests, shields, and explosion proof blankets, the best protective material will have a high level of elastic storage energy that will cause the projectile to bounce off or be deflected, i.e., the objective is to reduce the effects of 'blunt trauma' on the wearer after being struck by a bullet. We therefore tried to understand the impact behavior of CNTs."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Zhang published his recent findings, titled &lt;a href="http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&amp;amp;id=APPLAB000089000012123127000001&amp;amp;idtype=cvips&amp;amp;gifs=yes" target="new" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "&gt;"Energy absorption capacity of carbon nanotubes under ballistic impact"&lt;/a&gt;, in the September 18, 2006 issue of &lt;em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;Applied Physics Letters&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Zhang's study analyzes the impact of a bullet on nanotubes of different radii in two extreme cases. For a nanotube with one end fixed, the maximum nanotube enduring bullet speed increases and the energy absorption efficiency decreases with the increase in relative heights at which the bullet strikes; these values are independent of the nanotube radii when the bullet hits at a particular relative height. For a nanotube with both ends fixed, the energy absorption efficiency reaches minimum when the bullet strikes around a relative height of 0.5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/id1054.jpg" alt="Carbon nanotubes could make t-shirts bullet proof" /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Fuente: &lt;a href="http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=1054.php"&gt;http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=1054.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-6551910968639617235?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/6551910968639617235/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=6551910968639617235' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/6551910968639617235'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/6551910968639617235'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/carbon-nanotubes-could-make-t-shirts.html' title='Carbon nanotubes could make t-shirts bullet proof'/><author><name>Brian Baker</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18264012817963733078</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-148422948492688985</id><published>2011-12-01T18:27:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T18:29:27.982-08:00</updated><title type='text'>New Revolutionary Material Can Be Worked Like Glass</title><content type='html'>&lt;p id="first"&gt;&lt;span class="date"&gt;ScienceDaily (Nov. 18, 2011)&lt;/span&gt; — A  common feature of sailboards, aircraft and electronic circuits is that  they all contain resins used for their lightness, strength and  resistance. However, once cured, these resins can no longer be reshaped.  Only certain inorganic compounds, including glass, offered this  possibility until now. Combining such properties in a single material  seemed impossible until a team led by Ludwik Leibler, CNRS researcher at  the Laboratoire "Matière Molle et Chimie" (CNRS/ESPCI ParisTech),  developed a new class of compounds capable of this remarkable feat.  Repairable and recyclable, this novel material can be shaped at will and  in a reversible manner at high temperature.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;And, quite surprisingly, it also retains certain properties specific  to organic resins and rubbers: it is light, insoluble and difficult to  break. Inexpensive and easy to produce, this material could be used in  numerous industrial applications, particularly in the automobile,  aeronautics, building, electronics and leisure sectors. This work is  published on 18 November 2011 in &lt;em&gt;Science&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Replacing metals by lighter but just as efficient materials is a  necessity for numerous industries, such as aeronautics, car  manufacturing, building, electronics and sports industry. Due to their  exceptional mechanical strength and thermal and chemical resistance,  composite materials based on thermosetting resins are currently the most  suitable. However, such resins must be cured in situ, using from the  outset the definitive shape of the part to be produced. In fact, once  these resins have hardened, welding and repair become impossible. In  addition, even when hot, it is impossible to reshape parts in the manner  of a blacksmith or glassmaker.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This is because glass (inorganic silica) is a unique material: once  heated, it changes from a solid to a liquid state in a very progressive  manner (glass transition), which means it can be shaped as required  without using molds. Conceiving highly resistant materials that can be  repaired and are infinitely malleable, like glass, is a real challenge  both in economic and ecological terms. It requires a material that is  capable of flowing when hot, while being insoluble and neither as  brittle nor as "heavy" as glass.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;From ingredients that are currently available and used in industry  (epoxy resins, hardeners, catalysts, etc.), researchers from the  Laboratoire "Matière Molle et Chimie" (CNRS/ESPCI ParisTech) developed a  novel organic material made of a molecular network with original  properties: under the action of heat, this network is capable of  reorganizing itself without altering the number of cross-links between  its atoms. This novel material goes from the liquid to the solid state  or vice versa, just like glass. Until now, only silica and some  inorganic compounds were known to show this type of behavior. The  material thus acts like purely organic silica. It is insoluble even when  heated above its glass transition temperature.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Remarkably, at room temperature, it resembles either hard or soft  elastic solids, depending on the chosen composition. In both cases, it  has the same characteristics as thermosetting resins and rubbers  currently used in industry, namely lightness, resistance and  insolubility. Most importantly, it has a significant advantage over the  latter as it is reshapeable at will and can be repaired and recycled  under the action of heat. This property means it can undergo  transformations using methods that cannot be envisaged either for  thermosetting resins or for conventional plastic materials. In  particular, it makes it possible to produce shapes that are difficult or  even impossible to obtain by molding or for which making a mold is too  expensive for the envisaged purpose.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Used as the basis of composites, this new material could therefore  favorably compete with metals and find extensive applications in sectors  as diverse as electronics, car manufacturing, construction, aeronautics  or printing. In addition to these applications, these results shed  unexpected light on a fundamental problem: the physics of glass  transition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111118091200.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-148422948492688985?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/148422948492688985/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=148422948492688985' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/148422948492688985'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/148422948492688985'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/new-revolutionary-material-can-be.html' title='New Revolutionary Material Can Be Worked Like Glass'/><author><name>M. Laura Sosa M.</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05241601217147734983</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3802744318500122850</id><published>2011-12-01T18:23:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T18:28:37.551-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Solar-bio-nano wastewater system generates energy, produces drinking water.</title><content type='html'>&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="10" style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;tbody style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;A Michigan State University researcher is using a $1.92 million Department of Defense grant to develop a portable wastewater treatment system that could improve the military's efficiency.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;The solar-bio-nano project, which is being spearheaded by Wei Liao, an MSU assistant professor of biosystems and agricultural engineering, also will generate energy and produce drinking water, thus providing a potential blueprint for the future of municipal/agricultural wastewater treatment systems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="10" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px; "&gt;&lt;tbody style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;During military operations, shipping from port to bases on or near the front lines can push the cost of water up to nearly $60 per gallon. A portable, self-sustaining system would allow the bases to be more nimble and cost-effective, Liao said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;"Bases on or near the front lines could transport this small-scale system by semi-truck and will greatly reduce their demand for water and fuel," he said. "The integrated system can serve about 600 people, is patentable and hopefully can be scaled up to serve larger populations."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;The integrated system will comprise three major components. First, the solar unit will use new materials and employ a novel configuration making it up to 80 percent lighter than traditional solar units. Second, biological conversion processes will break down wastewater and food scraps to produce methane that can be used as fuel. Finally, a nano-filtration system will then take the discharge from the biological processes to provide drinking water.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;If the team's project proves effective in military settings, it has great potential in a wide range of wastewater treatment systems, from agricultural operations to municipal wastewater treatment plants, Liao said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;"The short-term goal is to drive costs down and to allow the military to alleviate supply chains' overarching control over its maneuvers," he said. "The long-term goal is to apply advanced and integrated technologies to transform agricultural and municipal wastes from an environmental liability into a public and private asset."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Working with Liao on the project, are MSU colleagues Ilsoon Lee, an MSU associate professor of chemical engineering, and Abraham Engeda, an MSU professor of mechanical engineering. Liao's project was one of 32 initiatives funded by the DoD's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Fuente: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=23600.php"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=23600.php&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3802744318500122850?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3802744318500122850/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3802744318500122850' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3802744318500122850'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3802744318500122850'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/solar-bio-nano-wastewater-system.html' title='Solar-bio-nano wastewater system generates energy, produces drinking water.'/><author><name>Brian Baker</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18264012817963733078</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-4983594979652410287</id><published>2011-12-01T18:19:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T18:22:07.047-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Breakthrough allows rapid, CMOS-compatible fabrication of large 3D photonic crystals</title><content type='html'>&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="10" style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;tbody style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;There is a lot of buzz in the computer industry about so-called three-dimensional (3D) chips, promising higher performance with lower energy consumption, and paving the way for exascale computers (which would represent a thousandfold increase in performance over the current petascale architecture). However, these chips are not intrinsically built, true 3D chips; rather, they are stacked layers of up to 100 separate chips (see: &lt;a href="http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=22673.php" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "&gt;"New types of adhesives for 3D semiconductors could lead to 'silicon skyscrapers'"&lt;/a&gt;; w/video).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;In a major breakthrough in the field of photonic crystals, researchers in The Netherlands have developed a novel process that allows for rapid fabrication of large 3D photonic crystals in mono-crystalline silicon using CMOS compatible processes. The Dutch team, consisting of scientists of the MESA+ Institute at the University of Twente, University of Eindhoven, ASML company and TNO Institute, describe their findings in a set of three papers:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;In a paper in &lt;em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B&lt;/em&gt; ("A method to pattern etch masks in two inclined planes for three-dimensional nano- and microfabrication"; in press 2011) the team have, for the first time, developed a way to realize a three-dimensional nanostructure in silicon by making etch-masks on two different sides of a wafer. The accuracy with which the two etching masks are aligned is unprecedented.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;"The are many advantages of our fabrication route" Willem Tjerkstra, a researcher at the &lt;a href="http://www.utwente.nl/mesaplus/" target="new" rel="nofollow" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "&gt;MESA+ Institute&lt;/a&gt; and the paper's first author, explains to Nanowerk. "A complex 3D structure can be made in only two etching steps, instead of tediously making such a structure by stacking layer-by-layer, as in standard CMOS-compatible fabrication. In our paper, we propose that our method allows the realization of 3D computer chips that have more functional units concentrated on the same area. We also predict the realization of chips on different sides of liquid channels for microfluidic, or for cooling purposes."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/id23428_1.jpg" alt="3D nanofabricated structure" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Fuente: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=23428.php"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=23428.php"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=23428.php&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-4983594979652410287?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/4983594979652410287/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=4983594979652410287' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/4983594979652410287'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/4983594979652410287'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/breakthrough-allows-rapid-cmos.html' title='Breakthrough allows rapid, CMOS-compatible fabrication of large 3D photonic crystals'/><author><name>Brian Baker</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18264012817963733078</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-8185854899843064421</id><published>2011-12-01T18:10:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T18:14:18.729-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Natural nanomaterials - they are everywhere</title><content type='html'>&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="10" style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;tbody style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt; Last month, when the European Commission offered its definition of "nanomaterial", it recommended to identify a nanomaterial only on the basis of its particle size: "The justification for this choice is that properties or risks posed by a nano-sized material are not determined by the intention of the manufacturer and do not differ depending on whether the nanomaterial is natural, produced incidentally, or the result of a manufacturing process with or without the explicit intention to produce a nanomaterial. There are many naturally occurring nanomaterials and they may exhibit similar properties to those that are manufactured. From a definition point of view it is therefore not logical to omit certain types of materials on the basis of their genesis." (&lt;a href="http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/nanotech/pdf/commission_recommendation.pdf" target="new" rel="nofollow" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "&gt;Recommendation on the definition of nanomaterial&lt;/a&gt;; pdf)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;"There is an inherent recognition in this definition that all sources of nanomaterials are important in evaluating the possible impact of nanoscale materials on human health and the environment; however, perhaps the greatest benefit to studying these materials will be in their ability to inform us about the manner in which nano-sized materials have been a part of our environment from the beginning." So argue &lt;a href="http://wiesner.cee.duke.edu/node/23" target="new" rel="nofollow" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "&gt;Mark R. Wiesner&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://www.geochem.geos.vt.edu/hochella/" target="new" rel="nofollow" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "&gt;Michael F. Hochella, Jr.&lt;/a&gt; and their team in a thought piece published in the November 22, 2011 online edition of &lt;em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;ACS Nano&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1007/s11569-011-0130-2" target="new" rel="nofollow" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "&gt;"Meditations on the Ubiquity and Mutability of Nano-Sized Materials in the Environment"&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;Naturally occurring nanomaterials can be found everywhere in nature (fullerenes and graphene even have been &lt;a href="http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=22420.php" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "&gt;discovered in space&lt;/a&gt;) and only with recent advances in instrumentation and metrology equipment are researchers beginning to locate, isolate, characterize and classify the vast range of their structural and chemical varieties.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;"The closer we look, the more it appears that particles at the nanoscale are instrumental in important geochemical and biogeochemical reactions and kinetics such as the availability of elements in the oceans, the partitioning of metals in other aquatic systems, and the bioavailability and toxicity of many elements," the authors write. "An examination of the potential risks to human health and the environment posed by engineered nanoparticles and the ability to construct nanophases with great precision are leading to fundamental discoveries in the ecological and life sciences."&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;Recent findings by Hutchinson et. al. (&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1021/nn2031319" target="new" rel="nofollow" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "&gt;"Generation of Metal Nanoparticles from Silver and Copper Objects: Nanoparticle Dynamics on Surfaces and Potential Sources of Nanoparticles in the Environment"&lt;/a&gt;) for instance challenge conventional thinking about nanoparticle reactivity and imply that the production of new nanoparticles is an intrinsic property of the material that is not strongly size dependent. The discovery that silver and copper nanoparticles are generated spontaneously from man-made objects implies that humans have long been in direct contact with these nanomaterials and that macroscale objects represent a potential source of incidental nanoparticles in the environment.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;This work also shows that in some cases, nanomaterials that are virtually identical to those engineered by researchers can form spontaneously in nature, either from ions in solution or from larger non nano-objects.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;While almost all research on nanomaterial toxicity and the potential risks involved with nanomaterials has focused on engineered nanoparticles, the dynamic nature of nanoparticles in the environment adds another dimension to this field.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Fuente: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=23516.php"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=23516.php&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-8185854899843064421?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/8185854899843064421/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=8185854899843064421' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/8185854899843064421'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/8185854899843064421'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/natural-nanomaterials-they-are.html' title='Natural nanomaterials - they are everywhere'/><author><name>Brian Baker</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18264012817963733078</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-1912172880662350235</id><published>2011-12-01T18:07:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T18:41:50.631-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Fotosíntesis artificial:Proyecto Helios</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Uno de los objetivos más deseados en el desarrollo de la ciencia y tecnología es replicar el proceso de fotosíntesis de las plantas y poder usarlo para el beneficio humano. ¿El problema? Los materiales para lograrlo no habían sido alcanzados.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Pero la nanotecnología ha abierto una amplia gama de posibilidades en lo que al campo de materiales respecta y es por esta razón que los científicos de los laboratorios de Berkeley han implementado el proyecto Helios.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;El objetivo de esta empresa es lograr que algunas plantas modificadas genéticamente produzcan etanol en vez de glucosa, mientras que otra sección se dedica a crear hojas sintéticas para la producción de hidrógeno y/o etanol.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;La idea de utilizar el sol para obtener combustibles ha estado en la mente de la comunidad científica durante mucho tiempo, y uno de los principales desarrolladores fue Melvin Calvin, quien describió completamente como funciona la fotosíntesis (ciclo de Calvin).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Es importante denotar como la fotosíntesis ocupa la molécula de clorofila (con un átomo de magnesio en su estructura) para poder utilizar la luz en la síntesis de azúcar. Hasta la fecha las moléculas desarrolladas no alcanzan una eficiencia igual y las que consiguen un buen rendimiento, son muy caras y difíciles de sintetizar.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Esperemos que este proyecto logre acercarnos un paso más a este objetivo tan esperado y que la nanotecnología siga desenvolviéndose en este sector de energía alterna.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Fuentes&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://discovermagazine.com/2010/jun/20-black-is-the-new-green"&gt;http://discovermagazine.com/2010/jun/20-black-is-the-new-green&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lbl.gov/LBL-Programs/helios-serc/index.html"&gt;http://www.lbl.gov/LBL-Programs/helios-serc/index.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-1912172880662350235?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/1912172880662350235/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=1912172880662350235' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1912172880662350235'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1912172880662350235'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/fotosintesis-artificialproyecto-helios.html' title='Fotosíntesis artificial:Proyecto Helios'/><author><name>Juan Pablo Vizuet</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02298557656426491104</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3463923529748925547</id><published>2011-12-01T17:34:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T18:08:42.586-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Nanotechnology could make battery recycling economically attractive</title><content type='html'>&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="10" style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "&gt;&lt;tbody style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Batteries are an integral part of modern life – just go ahead and count the batteries that you use yourself in your watches, computers, cell phones, cameras, alarm clocks, flashlights, toys, remote controls, power tools, cars, boats and so on. You'll come up with a staggering number. And chances are that your batteries are disposable, so you throw them out with your garbage when they are empty. Add to that the batteries used by industry, hospitals, public transport, the military etc and you get several billion batteries that are bought every year, a roughly $50 billion market.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Many batteries still contain heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium, and nickel, which can contaminate the environment and pose a potential threat to human health when batteries are improperly disposed of. Not only do the billions upon billions of batteries in landfills pose an environmental problem, they also are a complete waste of a potential and cheap raw material.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Unfortunately, current recycling methods for many battery types, especially the small consumer type ones, don't make sense from an economical point of view since the recycling costs exceed the recoverable metals value. Therefore, recycling companies only take up spent batteries if someone pays for their service. &lt;a href="http://www.inobat.ch/" target="new" rel="nofollow" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; "&gt;In Switzerland&lt;/a&gt;, for instance, the purchase price of batteries up to a weight of 5 kg contains the cost for the battery's disposal which finances the entire recycling process.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;The economic recycling problem is particularly serious in developing countries like India where, so far, economic interests supersede environmental obligations. This situation makes the development of economically interesting battery recycling technologies quite an urgent issue.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;"Most of the reported process for the recovery of metals from the spent batteries focuses on production of metal salts/oxides/ferrites," Akash Deep, a scientist in the Biomolecular Electronics and Nanotechnology Division at the &lt;a href="http://www.csio.res.in/" target="new" rel="nofollow" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; "&gt;Central Scientific Instruments Organization&lt;/a&gt; in Chandigarh, India, explains to Nanowerk. "Steps involved in these technologies include ammoniacal or acidic leaching, precipitation, solvent extraction, and thermal treatment. Generally the recycling of lead-acid, lithium ion and rechargeable Ni-Cd batteries is given more importance. But, in reality, the relative consumption of alkaline Zn-MnO&lt;sub style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: text-bottom; "&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; batteries is much larger."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;td colspan="2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Deep and his team carried out research to address the recycling of consumer-type batteries. Reporting their findings in a recent issue of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style="font-size: small; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;Environmental Science &amp;amp; Technology&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1021/es201744t" target="new" rel="nofollow" style="font-size: small; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-decoration: none; "&gt;"Recovery of Pure ZnO Nanoparticles from Spent Zn-MnO&lt;sub style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; vertical-align: text-bottom; "&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. Alkaline Batteries"&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;), they describe the recovery of pure zinc oxide nanoparticles from spent Zn-Mn dry alkaline batteries.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Fuente: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=23592.php"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=23592.php&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3463923529748925547?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3463923529748925547/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3463923529748925547' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3463923529748925547'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3463923529748925547'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/nanotechnology-could-make-battery.html' title='Nanotechnology could make battery recycling economically attractive'/><author><name>Brian Baker</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18264012817963733078</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3545217688144030074</id><published>2011-12-01T17:34:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T17:58:03.695-08:00</updated><title type='text'>¡Cuidado con el Tylenol!</title><content type='html'>La acetoaminofén es el compuesto conocido comúnmente como paracetamol, y aunque no lo crean puede ser más dañino de lo que parece. Un estudio realizado en Escocia ha demostrado que al menos una cuarta parte de los pacientes aceptados para una institución de cuidado y trasplante de hígado se debe a una sobredosis gradual. ¿A qué se refieren con esto? Unas 8 pastillas más al día por un periodo de 3 a 7 días. Si se sobrepasa esta cifra, el daño al hígado pasa de ser moderado a casi letal. El tratamiento utilizado comúnmente para una sobredosis única es la acetilcisteína, pero como lo indica el estudio, esta cura no es viable para la sobredosis gradual.&lt;div&gt;Este artículo sirve para reflexionar sobre como estamos más cerca de compuestos dañinos para la salud de lo que creemos. Una medicina que se vende sin receta, tomada en una dosis mayor puede costar un órgano y en algunos casos la vida. Los dejo con el enlace a la noticia y una imagen del paracetamol.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.3dchem.com/imagesofmolecules/Acetaminophen.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fuente&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/2011/11/24/study-over-time-even-a-little-too-much-tylenol-can-kill/?utm_source=feedburner&amp;amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+80beats+%2880beats%29"&gt;http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/2011/11/24/study-over-time-even-a-little-too-much-tylenol-can-kill/?utm_source=feedburner&amp;amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+80beats+%2880beats%29&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3545217688144030074?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3545217688144030074/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3545217688144030074' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3545217688144030074'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3545217688144030074'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/cuidado-con-el-tylenol.html' title='¡Cuidado con el Tylenol!'/><author><name>Juan Pablo Vizuet</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02298557656426491104</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3831776408546138310</id><published>2011-12-01T17:18:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T17:21:16.189-08:00</updated><title type='text'>A Diamond is not Forever;  trabajo final sobre el C</title><content type='html'>&lt;style&gt;@font-face {   font-family: "Verdana"; }@font-face {   font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }&lt;/style&gt;            &lt;style&gt;@font-face {   font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face {   font-family: "Verdana"; }@font-face {   font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1&lt;/style&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"  &gt;Escucha la historia que éste anciano te contará, sobre como se convirtió en alguien esencial para tu vida y la de todos los demás.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Ésta historia comienza con una gran decepción; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;hay fiestas a las que no te invitan, pero no es importante por que después te enteras que no fue tan buena, sin embargo a mi no me invitaron a la madre de las fiestas, a la que dio origen a todo. Estoy hablando del Big Bang &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;debido a que necesitaba una triple colisión de partículas alfa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;-según me dijeron- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;y a pesar de que las había en suficiente cantidad, el Universo se expandía y enfriaba demasiado rápido para que la probabilidad de esto fuera significativa. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Esa fue la primer discriminación que me hicieron debido a mi tamaño, se que soy de los pequeños, el sexto, para ser exactos, pero aun así me sentí muy mal. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Tras esto decidí que tomaría venganza y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;no podrían tomar un café o respirar sin saber de mi. Tenía que ser alguien importante. Desafortunadamente a veces la mejor manera de darte a conocer es empezar como ayudante y a pesar de haber nacido en las estrellas, me di a conocer a tus ancestros en los desechos de la combustión, sobre todo de la madera. Así fue como conseguí mi nombre. Dada mi capacidad para arder. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Con el paso del tiempo, la gente notó mi importancia, al grado en que hablan de mi hasta en la Biblia, lo que no sabían es que yo no sólo era el carbón que usaban, podía tomar otra forma que les resultaba muy atractiva, y que aun hoy en día es muy apreciada, sobre todo por las mujeres, cuya felicidad es dependiente del tamaño del que tienen en su anillo, el diamante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Pero les tomó mucho tiempo para notarlo, fue hasta 1704, que Newton, tras analizarme y hacer lo mismo con un diamante, notó la relación e intuyó nuestra similar composición, que más tarde confirmó Lavoisier evaporando un diamante utilizando una lupa y luz del sol, destruyendo el slogan de aquella famosa compañía de diamantes, que dice que un diamante es para siempre.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Así fue como me reconocían no sólo como un combustible, o un utensilio de escritura, además me había dado un estatus y todos querían tenerme.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Por otro lado me había comenzado a hacer fama en otros aspectos, por ejemplo los antiguos egipcios cuando debían festejar algo tomaban bebidas que tenían efectos que ellos consideraban divinos, éstas bebidas tenían al espíritu de la fiesta en ellos, estoy hablando de compuestos formados por mi y otros átomos, llamados alcoholes; mismos que han acompañado al hombre a lo largo de su historia, en sus celebraciones y derrotas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Hablando sobre mi capacidad de unirme con otros átomos, resulta que el hecho de que me excluyeran me hizo entender que no es agradable ser rechazado, por lo que deje de discriminar, y modifique mi forma de ver a los demás y de ser visto, creando hibridaciones, que permiten formar distintos tipos de “amigos”; ya sea uniéndome sólo de forma simple, o teniendo relaciones más intensas donde comparto casi todo con el otro átomo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;En fin, siguiendo mi historia; necesitaba ser más reconocido, a estas alturas sólo conocían algunas de mis capacidades, y yo estaba seguro de que era capaz de más, pero tras un tiempo de descanso, regrese a mi labor y permití que más personas conocieran sobre mi, dando lugar a interesantes descubrimientos; en primer lugar, en el siglo XIX, los científicos observaron que toda la materia viva me contenía, por lo que al notar mi importancia intentaron hacer mi biografía y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;estudiarme más a fondo, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=";font-size:100%;" &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;y así crearon una nueva rama de la química, llamada química orgánica, donde me he destacado, pues soy el elemento del que se conocen mayor cantidad de compuestos y cada año encuentran medio millón más aproximadamente. Además en ese mismo siglo descubrieron la estructura de los azúcares, y posteriormente de los carbohidratos en general, notando mi importancia como fuente de energía para los seres vivos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Entonces fue cuando un canadiense, triste por que no podía ir a ver a su novia por las noches debido a que no veía nada, se puso a llorar en mi hombro y le sugerí algunas cosas que podía hacer, así obtuvo un compuesto a base de mi, que les permitía alumbrar las calles, lo llamaron queroseno, lo que estableció las bases del estudio de hidrocarburos, mismos que hoy en día impulsan casi todos los vehículos sobre la tierra, así que no importa por que medio viajes, muy probablemente yo te estoy impulsando; no importa cuanta gente me quiera dejar de usar, sigo siendo más que mayoría.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Tiempo después, tomando el café con algunos científicos interesados en encontrar alguna manera de datar objetos antiguos, les comenté que mi hermano mayor C&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;tenia dos características muy interesantes, estaba presente en todos los seres vivos y al envejecer se iba pareciendo cada vez más a mi. A ellos les pareció interesante y encontraron una aplicación muy útil para poder datar objetos y fósiles con muchos años de antigüedad. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Estaba contento por lo útil que era en la vida de mucha gente, pero sentía que ellos no notaban mi importancia, así que fui a quejarme con los señores de IUPAC, que notaron mi enojo y para que me tranquilizarme, me dijeron que me usarían como patrón para obtener los pesos atómicos, me pesaron y me multiplicaron por un cierto número para que fueran 12 gramos; así que la definición de mol, también me incluye.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Deje que la gente me investigara un poco más, pero también confesaré que me dormí en mis laureles, hasta un buen día que note que aunque la gente sabia bien quien era, había dejado de notar mi importancia entre ellos. Fue así que regrese a los laboratorios, en 1985, tras un arduo trabajo con los doctores Kroto, Curl y Smalley, logramos una nueva forma alotròpica mìa, el fullereno C&lt;sub&gt;60&lt;/sub&gt;, trabajo que nos valió un premio Nobel en 1996. Pero, ¿Qué es mejor que ganar un premio Nobel?, ganar dos; así que yo quería otro, y deje que Andre Geim y Konstantin Novoselov tuvieran el honor de trabajar conmigo en un proyecto que tenía desde los años 30, que se trataba sobre otro alótropo mío, en este tenia un gran reto, mantenerme en dos dimensiones, pero tras mucho esfuerzo, innumerables desvelos y más café del que es legal tomar, logramos hacer observaciones muy interesantes de mi en mi forma de grafeno, fueron tan interesantes que sorprendieron hasta a las personas del comité Nobel, por lo que nos dieron otro premio Nobel el año pasado en Física; sabía que estos descubrimientos abrían todo un nuevo campo de investigación, llevando además a otras estructuras conocidas como nanotubos. Éstas tres estructuras representan materiales fundamentales para la nanotecnología, así que la emoción de haber logrado mi objetivo y además dar bases para seguir cambiando el futuro y las investigaciones en las próximas generaciones me emocionó a sobre manera.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Ya más tranquilo, me fui a México para tomar un poco de tequila como debe ser y celebrar mis logros, y en la borrachera, salio la plática con los científicos mexicanos sobre mi composición, ellos no me creían que yo formaba al diamante, así que los reté, les dije que lo comprobaran sintetizando un diamante a partir de mi. Y como lo más cercano que encontramos en ese momento que me contuviera para poder utilizarlo fue el tequila que nos estábamos tomando, se pusieron a evaporarlo y someterlo a grandes presiones, y así fue como hicieron diamantes con tequila (además del barato, que decepción).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Tras todos mis logros me puse a analizar estadísticas sobre mi y descubrí algo que no sabía, mis fans –otros que querían ser como yo- ocupaban cerca del 0.2% de la corteza terrestre, eso es algo a lo que yo llamo popularidad.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Aun no supero esa cruda de México, pero ten por seguro que en cuanto lo haga, me pondré a investigar más formas de cambiar tu percepción de la vida; por lo pronto puedo estar seguro, que el que no me invitaran a aquella afamada fiesta del Big Bang, fue lo mejor que me pudo pasar pues me inspiró a trabajar por ser ampliamente reconocido y que nunca me discriminaran de nuevo. Salud!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;span style="font-family: arial;font-family:Verdana;font-size:100%;"  lang="EN-US" &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3831776408546138310?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3831776408546138310/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3831776408546138310' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3831776408546138310'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3831776408546138310'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/diamond-is-not-forever-trabajo-final.html' title='A Diamond is not Forever;  trabajo final sobre el C'/><author><name>Enrique</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02511816274090840809</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-1384283662707721789</id><published>2011-12-01T17:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T17:34:13.397-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Quantum levitation</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;iframe width="560" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/VyOtIsnG71U" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Este fenómeno es fácil de observar, y los pasos para construir un sistema así son simples: &lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Se prepara un oblea de safiro recubierta de YBCO(yttrium barium copper oxide) y después se enfría a -185ºC&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Se pone cerca de un material magnético permanente (duro)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Se observa la levitación cuántica&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;¿Por qué sucede esto? Por un fenómeno conocido como el efecto Miesler, en el cual un campo magnético y un superconductor se repelen. Pero en este caso como el superconductor es muy delgado el campo magnético penetra al material, pero en poca cantidad; esto crea algo conocido como tubos flux. Dentro de cada tubo, la superconductividad es destruida localmente, pero el material tratara de contener estos tubos (a través de fronteras de grano), logrando la levitación observada.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fuente&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.quantumlevitation.com/levitation/Quantum_Levitation.html"&gt;http://www.quantumlevitation.com/levitation/Quantum_Levitation.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-1384283662707721789?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/1384283662707721789/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=1384283662707721789' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1384283662707721789'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1384283662707721789'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/quantum-levitation.html' title='Quantum levitation'/><author><name>Juan Pablo Vizuet</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02298557656426491104</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://img.youtube.com/vi/VyOtIsnG71U/default.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-1790772377112573829</id><published>2011-12-01T17:15:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T17:16:04.407-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Novel Process for Producing Nanocellulose Powder for Bio-Nanocomposite Materials</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;h1 id="ctl00_cphBody_h1Title" style="font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97, 97); "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div id="ctl00_cphBody_divText"&gt;&lt;h2 style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 11px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;Scientists at Empa have designed a production method for nanocellulose powder, a raw material used in the production of polymer composites that can be utilized as a filter and membrane material in biomedical applications and in lightweight structures for the automobile market.&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;The cellulose researchers at the Wood Laboratory of Empa have processed wood pulp to isolate cellulose nanofibers, which are strongly interlinked and have a length of several micrometers and a thickness of a few nanometers. The surface area of the material is extremely large, where physical-chemical reactions of materials such as polymer compounds, water, inorganic and organic chemicals can take place. Thus, the highly reactive biodegradable raw material finds use in far-reaching technical applications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;The isolated nanocellulose from the wood pulp is originally in the form of an aquatic suspension. During the drying process, the cellulose nanofibers join together producing rough clumps, resulting in the loss of the material’s excellent mechanical properties. The method developed by the Empa scientists enables the material to be dried out without the formation of clumps and becoming rough.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;The researchers treated the cellulose utilizing a completely harmless technique that can be executed easily on a large scale and even ideal for the food industry applications. When re-dissolved in water, the dried nanocellulose powder produced by the method demonstrates the same superior properties of unmodified, undried cellulose.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;This new method allows the production of a better replacement to traditional cellulose suspensions used in the manufacture of bio-nanocomposite materials. The suspensions currently being utilized comprise more than 90% of water, which results in high logistics expenditures and raises the risk of degradation by fungi or bacteria. Empa researchers used the innovative nanocellulose powder to strengthen hydrogels, adhesives and biodegradable synthetics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Source: &lt;a href="http://www.empa.ch/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(48, 151, 193); text-decoration: none; font-size: 11px; "&gt;http://www.empa.ch&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-1790772377112573829?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/1790772377112573829/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=1790772377112573829' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1790772377112573829'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1790772377112573829'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/novel-process-for-producing.html' title='Novel Process for Producing Nanocellulose Powder for Bio-Nanocomposite Materials'/><author><name>osnat zapata</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03815389574572130819</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3591085834509314240</id><published>2011-12-01T17:09:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T17:18:39.272-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Reconfigurable Silicon Nanowire Transistors</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MR9GNpaQ7SQ/TtgnW59bwuI/AAAAAAAAABw/d3QtNK93RD8/s1600/trans.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 113px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MR9GNpaQ7SQ/TtgnW59bwuI/AAAAAAAAABw/d3QtNK93RD8/s320/trans.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681334204396978914" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Durante los últimos 30 años las aplicaciones electrónicas han estado dominadas por los dispositivos CMOS, mismos que combinan transistores FET tipo P y N para reducir la energía estática de consumo, sin embargo no pueden cambiar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;Este trabajo presentan el concepto y demuestran un transistor universal que puede ser inversamente configurado, es decir puede pasar a ser tipo p o n, con la simple aplicación de una señal eléctrica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;En contraste con los FET convencionales, la polaridad y la concentración son determinados por un control selectivo de la aplicación de una pequeña carga en las uniones Schottky del transistor, evitando así el uso de dopantes; ademas de la funcionalidad adicional, estos dispositivos exhiben la propiedad de mejorar las características eléctricas del transistor; ambas características muestran la oportunidad de crear circuitos de una manera más flexible.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1021/nl203094h"&gt;http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1021/nl203094h&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3591085834509314240?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3591085834509314240/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3591085834509314240' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3591085834509314240'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3591085834509314240'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/reconfigurable-silicon-nanowire.html' title='Reconfigurable Silicon Nanowire Transistors'/><author><name>Liz Minjares</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03297711340588572810</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MR9GNpaQ7SQ/TtgnW59bwuI/AAAAAAAAABw/d3QtNK93RD8/s72-c/trans.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-2706554091433175756</id><published>2011-12-01T17:06:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T17:07:39.041-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Scientists Take First Step Towards Creating 'Inorganic Life'</title><content type='html'>&lt;p id="first"&gt;&lt;span class="date"&gt;ScienceDaily (Sep. 15, 2011)&lt;/span&gt; —  Scientists at the University of Glasgow say they have taken their first  tentative steps towards creating 'life' from inorganic chemicals  potentially defining the new area of 'inorganic biology'.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Professor Lee Cronin, Gardiner Chair of Chemistry in the College of  Science and Engineering, and his team have demonstrated a new way of  making inorganic-chemical-cells or iCHELLs.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Prof Cronin said: "All life on earth is based on organic biology  (i.e. carbon in the form of amino acids, nucleotides, and sugars, etc.)  but the inorganic world is considered to be inanimate.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"What we are trying do is create self-replicating, evolving inorganic  cells that would essentially be alive. You could call it inorganic  biology."&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The cells can be compartmentalised by creating internal membranes  that control the passage of materials and energy through them, meaning  several chemical processes can be isolated within the same cell -- just  like biological cells.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The researchers say the cells, which can also store electricity,  could potentially be used in all sorts of applications in medicine, as  sensors or to confine chemical reactions.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The research is part of a project by Prof Cronin to demonstrate that  inorganic chemical compounds are capable of self-replicating and  evolving -- just as organic, biological carbon-based cells do.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The research into creating 'inorganic life' is in its earliest stages, but Prof Cronin believes it is entirely feasible.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Prof Cronin said: "The grand aim is to construct complex chemical  cells with life-like properties that could help us understand how life  emerged and also to use this approach to define a new technology based  upon evolution in the material world -- a kind of inorganic living  technology.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"Bacteria are essentially single-cell micro-organisms made from  organic chemicals, so why can't we make micro-organisms from inorganic  chemicals and allow them to evolve?&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"If successful this would give us some incredible insights into  evolution and show that it's not just a biological process. It would  also mean that we would have proven that non carbon-based life could  exist and totally redefine our ideas of design."&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The paper is published in the journal &lt;em&gt;Angewandte Chemie&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110915091625.htm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-2706554091433175756?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/2706554091433175756/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=2706554091433175756' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/2706554091433175756'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/2706554091433175756'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/scientists-take-first-step-towards.html' title='Scientists Take First Step Towards Creating &apos;Inorganic Life&apos;'/><author><name>M. Laura Sosa M.</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05241601217147734983</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-5912296678391799183</id><published>2011-12-01T16:59:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T17:02:05.295-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Nanotubes and Synthetic DNA</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;h1 id="ctl00_cphBody_h1Title" style="font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97, 97); "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div id="ctl00_cphBody_divText"&gt;&lt;h2 style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 11px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;Researchers at the Purdue University have designed a technology for packing carbon nanotubes and synthetic DNA onto a biosensor electrode, paving the way for accurately analyzing diabetes and other diseases.&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Existing sensors use enzyme-coated metal electrodes, which react with substances to generate an electrical signal that can be used for measurement. However, these sensors measure incorrectly due to their inefficiency. Carbon nanotubes, which have superior electrical and thermal properties, are capable of enhancing the performance of the sensors. However, their partial compatibility with water restricts their use in biological fluids.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Professors at the Purdue University, Jong Hyun Choi and Marshall Porterfield have developed a sensor that is capable of building itself. They have reported their results in The Analyst journal. Choi created an artificial DNA that can bind to the surface of the carbon nanomaterial, which increases its water solubility.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Choi stated that after the preparation of a solution containing carbon nanotubes, the electrode is then placed into the solution to get charged, resulting in the coating of the electrode surface by the carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube-coated electrode is now capable of attracting the enzymes to complete the assembly of the sensor. This sensor was developed for glucose. However, Porterfield commented that the sensor can be customized for many other compounds. This sensor can be mass produced for diabetes, he said. Their technology is a self-building platform to create biomolecular-level biosensors, he added.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Porterfield further said that by employing this technology, it is possible to develop advanced sensors that can perform real-time tests to detect the efficiency of drugs. He will continue his research for biosensor development for detecting various compounds, he added.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Source: &lt;a href="http://www.purdue.edu/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(48, 151, 193); text-decoration: none; font-size: 11px; "&gt;http://www.purdue.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-5912296678391799183?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/5912296678391799183/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=5912296678391799183' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5912296678391799183'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/5912296678391799183'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/nanotubes-and-synthetic-dna.html' title='Nanotubes and Synthetic DNA'/><author><name>osnat zapata</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03815389574572130819</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-2328418090983214655</id><published>2011-12-01T16:57:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T16:58:57.469-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Novel Process to Make Flexible, Transparent, Highly Conductive Electrodes</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;h1 id="ctl00_cphBody_h1Title" style="font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97, 97); "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="font-family:Verdana;color:#616161;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;div id="ctl00_cphBody_divText"&gt;&lt;h2 style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 11px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;A research team at UCLA has developed a novel process for making highly conductive, flexible, transparent electrodes utilizing silver nanowires and other nanomaterials.&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="color:#808080;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-size: 11px; "&gt;Due to its flexibility and high conductivity, silver nanowire networks have been often considered as an ideal replacement for indium tin oxide (ITO). However, it requires complicated processes to fuse cross it to obtain better substrate adhesion and low resistance. To tackle this issue, the UCLA scientists have fused the silver nanowires with organic polymers and metal oxide nanoparticles to make conductors with high-transparency.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Nanoparticles can be used for the production of a transparent mat by simply spraying them over a surface. However, the difficulty involved is to stick the siliver nanowires onto the surface without using high pressures or high temperatures, which can reduce their compatibility with the sensitive organic materials normally utilized in the production of flexible electronics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;To address this issue, the research team has devised a low-temperature process to manufacture the novel silver nanowire electrodes utilizing spray coating of a special mixture of nanomaterials. The team firstly sprayed a silver nanowire solution onto the surface and then a titanium dioxide nanoparticle solution is used to treat the nanowires to produce a hybrid film. When the film dries, the nanowires get drawn together due to capillary forces, enhancing the conductivity of the film. The team then coated a conductive polymer layer over the film to improve the adhesion of the wires to the surface.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;The resulting silver nanowire composite meshes have superior mechanical properties and optical transparency. The research team used the novel electrodes to develop solar cells with a performance equivalent to that of ITO-based solar cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;Source: &lt;a href="http://newsroom.ucla.edu/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(48, 151, 193); text-decoration: none; font-size: 11px; "&gt;http://newsroom.ucla.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-2328418090983214655?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/2328418090983214655/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=2328418090983214655' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/2328418090983214655'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/2328418090983214655'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/novel-process-to-make-flexible.html' title='Novel Process to Make Flexible, Transparent, Highly Conductive Electrodes'/><author><name>osnat zapata</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03815389574572130819</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-161075009900937568</id><published>2011-12-01T16:53:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T16:54:01.925-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Prev. Article Next Article Table of Contents Communication Coordination of an N-Heterocyclic Phosphenium Containing Pincer Ligand to a Co(CO)2 Fragmen</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id="abstractBox"&gt;&lt;div id="absImg"&gt;&lt;img alt="Abstract Image" src="http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/orgnd7/2011/orgnd7.2011.30.issue-21/om200816p/production/images/medium/om-2011-00816p_0004.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class="articleBody_abstractText"&gt;A tridentate pincer ligand featuring a central N-heterocyclic phosphenium (NHP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) donor has been coordinated to a Co(CO)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fragment to generate the Co NHP complex [PPP]Co(CO)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;).  The NHP unit adopts an unusual pyramidal geometry with a relatively  long Co–P distance, suggesting a stereochemically active nonbonding  phosphorus lone pair. Interestingly, treatment of &lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt; with trimethylamine &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-oxide affords [P(P═O)P]Co(CO)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;b&gt;3&lt;/b&gt;),  in which the Co-bound central phosphorus donor has been oxidized to an  unprecedented N-heterocyclic phosphinito species. The bonding and  electronic properties of these complexes are discussed in the context of  DFT and NBO computational data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="articleBody_abstractText"&gt;Reference: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/om200816p&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-161075009900937568?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/161075009900937568/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=161075009900937568' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/161075009900937568'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/161075009900937568'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/prev-article-next-article-table-of.html' title='Prev. Article Next Article Table of Contents Communication Coordination of an N-Heterocyclic Phosphenium Containing Pincer Ligand to a Co(CO)2 Fragmen'/><author><name>M. Laura Sosa M.</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05241601217147734983</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3901593432718221718</id><published>2011-12-01T16:48:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T16:54:53.213-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Brown University researchers in partnership with Korean scientists have identified unique properties in nanoscale folds and wrinkles.</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;According to the findings, wrinkles formed on ultrathin films have hidden long waves that can be stretched even when the film is in a compressed state. The researchers have also found that several hundreds of closed nanochannels that resemble ultra-small pipes are created below the surface during the formation of folds on such films.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="news-img" style="float: right; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 12px; width: 400px; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.azom.com/images/news/NewsImage_31261.jpg" alt="" /&gt;&lt;div class="news-img-caption" style="margin-top: 6px; margin-right: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 6px; font-style: italic; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); "&gt;Researchers at Brown University and in Korea used focused ion beams to extract a cross-section of compressed gold nanofilm. When tips of regular, neighboring folds touched, nanopipes were created beneath the surface. Credit: Kyung-Suk Kim lab, Brown University&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Wrinkles, which are forerunners of normal folds, are formed when a thin film is clasped on a soft base, and further compression of the sheet will result in the formation of folds due to the tight spacing of wrinkles. Manufacturers show interest on these folds, as they can accommodate large surface area in a limited space.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;The researchers placed 20-80 nm thick sheets of gold nanogranular film on a rubbery substrate that is widely utilized in the microelectronics industry. They then compressed the sheet to form wrinkles and studied their properties. In earlier investigations, they observed primary wrinkles having short periodicities, which represent the distance between valleys or peaks of individual wrinkles. Now, they have found another type of wrinkle having a periodicity longer than that of the primary wrinkles, resembling a hidden long wave.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3901593432718221718?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3901593432718221718/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3901593432718221718' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3901593432718221718'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3901593432718221718'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/brown-university-researchers-in.html' title='Brown University researchers in partnership with Korean scientists have identified unique properties in nanoscale folds and wrinkles.'/><author><name>osnat zapata</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03815389574572130819</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-6262572603703399709</id><published>2011-12-01T16:47:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T17:08:11.120-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Physico-chemical characterization of nanoemulsions in cosmetic matrix enriched on omega-3</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zA8aVqIpehM/Ttgk8Q4oz8I/AAAAAAAAABk/NtL2PWkjDCo/s1600/cos.png" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 297px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zA8aVqIpehM/Ttgk8Q4oz8I/AAAAAAAAABk/NtL2PWkjDCo/s320/cos.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681331547671154626" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Actualmente la nanotecnología es ampliamente utilizada en toda la industria; en la industria cosmética constituye una parte muy importante de sus investigaciones.Las nanoemulsiones presentan características y propiedades dependiendo de su composición y método de preparación. En cosmética para obtener una mejor penetración en la piel el uso de nanopartículas se ha vuelto fundamental para el suministro de ingredientes activos en las células objetivo.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;En este estudio se preparó una nanoemulsión compuesta de migliol, aceite de canola y aceite de salmón con el objetivo de crear una matriz estética; lo interesante fue que prepararon 13 diferentes compuestos variando las concentraciones de los elementos antes mencionados y midieron las diferentes propiedades fisico-quimicas del compuesto en cuestión para determinaron los parámetros que lograron la máxima estabilidad, tomando en cuenta la relación HLB (balance hidrofílico-lipofílico). &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Con este trabajo se demuestra la importancia de la formulación de las propiedades físico-químicas en nanoemulsiones.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=510a4cf6-0de7-42df-9732-605468815b44%40sessionmgr12&amp;amp;vid=1&amp;amp;hid=19&amp;amp;bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&amp;amp;AN=66547164"&gt;http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=510a4cf6-0de7-42df-9732-605468815b44%40sessionmgr12&amp;amp;vid=1&amp;amp;hid=19&amp;amp;bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&amp;amp;AN=66547164&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-6262572603703399709?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/6262572603703399709/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=6262572603703399709' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/6262572603703399709'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/6262572603703399709'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/physico-chemical-characterization-of.html' title='Physico-chemical characterization of nanoemulsions in cosmetic matrix enriched on omega-3'/><author><name>Liz Minjares</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03297711340588572810</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zA8aVqIpehM/Ttgk8Q4oz8I/AAAAAAAAABk/NtL2PWkjDCo/s72-c/cos.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3033987771716077298</id><published>2011-12-01T16:46:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T16:48:07.041-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Study Reveals Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles May Cause Cancer</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(97, 97, 97); font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;h1 id="ctl00_cphBody_h1Title" style="font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(97, 97, 97); "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div class="item-date" style="font-size: 10px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; "&gt;Published on December 1, 2011 at 1:43 AM&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div id="ctl00_cphBody_divText"&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;By Cameron Chai&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 11px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;Researchers at the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) have discovered that nanoparticles of zinc oxide, a widely used chemical in consumer products, are capable of causing cancer.&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="news-img" style="float: right; margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 12px; margin-left: 12px; width: 400px; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://www.azom.com/images/news/NewsImage_31317.jpg" alt="" /&gt;&lt;div class="news-img-caption" style="margin-top: 6px; margin-right: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 6px; font-style: italic; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); "&gt;From left to right: assistant professor Ng Kee Woei and professor oachim Loo looking at a comet assey, which shows cells with DNA damaged by Zinc Oxide nanoparticles. (Credit: Nanyang Technological University)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Zinc oxide nanoparticles are capable of entering human cells, causing damage to DNA of the cells, which in turn stimulates p53, a protein that prevents the multiplication of damaged cells and their conversion into cancerous cells. However, cells, which are short of p53 or cannot generate adequate amount of functional p53 are converted into cancerous cells when they were exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;The study results emphasize that companies must reevaluate the toxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles utilized in consumer products and more research studies are required to investigate the concentration levels and application of nanoparticles in daily products. NTU's Assistant Professor, Ng Kee Woei, stated that the research team will extend its study to find the mechanism behind the DNA damage caused by the zinc oxide nanoparticles. The findings have also revealed that zinc oxide nanoparticles are capable of raising stress levels in cells, causing inflammation or even cell death, Ng said.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Besides investigating cellular mechanism, the team focused on studying the damage and physiological impacts that can be caused by zinc oxide nanoparticles, Ng added. NTU's Assistant Professor, Joachim Loo commented that nanotoxicology research will not only help understand the toxic effects of nanomaterials but also make them useful in biomedical applications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;The team is also investigating the possibilities of re-designing nanomaterials in order to reduce their toxic effects on human health, while retaining its valuable properties. The team is also willing to partner with the European Union to reveal the toxic effects of nanomaterials and design regulations to these materials prior to their commercialization.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 11px; "&gt;Source: &lt;a href="http://news.ntu.edu.sg/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(48, 151, 193); text-decoration: none; font-size: 11px; "&gt;http://news.ntu.edu.sg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3033987771716077298?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3033987771716077298/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3033987771716077298' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3033987771716077298'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3033987771716077298'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/study-reveals-zinc-oxide-nanoparticles.html' title='Study Reveals Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles May Cause Cancer'/><author><name>osnat zapata</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03815389574572130819</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-7789210537477482856</id><published>2011-12-01T16:32:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T08:47:20.363-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='cuento elemental'/><title type='text'>Nitrógeno: el héroe justiciero</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cuando todos los elementos ya se habían creado, y la Tierra era ya un lugar estable y habitable, las primeras colonias de elementos empezaron a querer mudarse por lo que mandaron a un solo miembro de sus comunidades a vivir por un tiempo viendo por la seguridad de las colonias, tal y como lo hacen las ratas. Y así lo hizo la colonia del Hidrógeno, Helio, Litio, Berilio, Boro y Carbono. Cada comunidad mando a su representante ya la Tierra y con el paso del tiempo Carbono e Hidrógeno se hicieron muy amigos. Helio, Litio, Berilio y Boro al ser grandes y fuertes se aprovecharon mucho tiempo de Hidrógeno que era pequeño pero listo y Carbono que era regordete pero muy tonto. Y paso un largo tiempo donde los primeros se aprovechaban de Carbono e Hidrógeno. Hidrógeno soñaba todos los días con regresar a su comunidad y que apareciera alguien que lo salvara. Le rogo al dios descubridor, Daniel Rutherford en 1772 de la era, que por favor mandara a alguien que pudiera salvarlo a el y a su amigo, el tonto Carbono.&lt;br /&gt;Pasó mucho tiempo y las plegarias de Hidrógeno fueron escuchadas, y el dios descubridor Daniel Rutherford junto con el Dios A. Chaptal, quien le puso el nombre de pila basando en el salitre y en el griego "nitro" y "geno" pensaron en mandar a tal guerrero. Scheele, el primero en aislar este elemento, lo tomó y juntos los 3 dioses mandaron al recién creado Nitrógeno a la Tierra. Pero como todo cuento de hadas existe la bruja mala, Lavoisier lo encanto para que el gas diatómico de Nitrógeno fuera inerte, y le dio apodo de Azote que significa sin vida.&lt;br /&gt;Nitrógeno llegó a la Tierra, lucía débil, frágil, aunque se veía más grande que todos los enemigos, por dentro era débil. Llegó como un gas diatómico, con carga neutra y 5 electrones en su nivel más externo. El nació en el espació exterior, en forma de isótopo-14, mediante la fisión nuclear de las estrellas. Hidrógeno al verlo llegar, se enojó demasiado de que no era el guerrero que él esperaba, con la ayuda de Carbono , pensó, con el tiempo haría resaltar sus cualidades de metal y masa atómica 14, mucho más grande que las masas atómicas de los enemigos.&lt;br /&gt;Mucho tiempo pasó; Helio, Litio, Berilio y Boro seguían abusando de los tres elementos indefensos. Un día a Hidrógeno se le ocurrió como vencer a estos molestosos átomos. Pensó en una reacción difícil de realizar, pero si llevada a cabo, formaría una compuesto básico con capacidad de formar el ácido conjugado con solo añadir un Hidrógeno más. Su plan lo llamó proceso de Haber – Bosch la cual actualmente es la forma de producción de amoniaco industrial más grande. Hidrógeno analizó por horas las características físicas de Nitrógeno las cuales eran de: radio medio 65 picómetros, estados de oxidación de +/-3, 5,4,2,1 y densidad 1.2506 g/cm3 y el punto de fusión de 63.14º K y ebullición de 77.35º K. Después de un día completo de pensar, decidió presentarle la proposición a Nitrógeno para llevar a cabo la reacción produciendo una buena base en solución acuosa.&lt;br /&gt;Nitrógeno rechazó el plan, el argumenta que su electronegatividad, que era de 3.04 en la escala de Pauling, haría que al unirse la densidad electrónica se la llevaría consigo y dejaría solo al Hidrógeno con densidad positiva. Hidrógeno lo convenció que sería la única forma de formar un compuesto que haría que los demás se espantaran.&lt;br /&gt;Y así, Hidrógeno pidió al dios Lewis que le permitiera que llegaran más Hidrógenos y otros elementos, que combinados con el Nitrógeno harían que se formaran compuestos que terminaran de una vez por todas con al violencia que sufrían. Llegaron muchos Hidrógenos y además Nitrógenos. Los Nitrógenos cubrieron el 78% del aire atmosférico en la tierra permitiendo que a partir del aire se pudiera obtener nitrógeno. Después de mucho tiempo de preparar el plan, el Nitrógeno empezó a reaccionar en forma trivalente en la mayoría de los compuestos estables que formó. Entre ellos formo la poderosa hidracina, que actualmente es combustible para aviones.&lt;br /&gt;Al final, se tenían diversos compuestos muchos de ellos nitratos los cuales se fueron formando poco a poco por el complejo ciclo del nitrógeno, algunos de ellos eran N2O, NO, NO2. Otros formados también fueron precursores del ácido nitroso y nítrico, el N2O3 y el N2O5. Después de que toda esa gama de compuestos se formó, los elementos que habían tenido aprisionados al Carbono, Nitrógeno e Hidrógeno se espantaron y les pidieron disculpas.&lt;br /&gt;El Nitrógeno, que ahora se había convertido en un compuesto inteligente, aceptó el pacto haciéndoles prometer que no se portarían mal otra vez. El nitrógeno de ahí en adelante se puso a formar compuestos para tratar de atemorizar a los demás elementos, entre ellos formó aziduro de hidrógeno, iones amonio, compuestos cíclicos de Nitrógeno y óxidos que eran explosivos.&lt;br /&gt;El dios Lewis, cansado de tantos problemas entre los elementos en la tierra, pensó en un castigo que fuera eficiente para hacerles pagar al Helio, Litio, Berilio, Boro por su mal comportamiento, así como castigar al Nitrógeno por pasarse de listo y empezar a formar tantos compuestos con hidrógenos, carbonos y oxígenos y otros elementos. Así que, puso la siguiente regla: los elementos de la primera y segunda fila de la tabla de periódica no podrán tener más de 8 electrones en su capa externa debido a su configuración 1s, 2s, 2p; incluido el nitrógeno.&lt;br /&gt;Cuenta la leyenda que mucho tiempo pasó y llegaron los humanos. Estos se encargaron de usar al nitrógeno en fertilizantes, y formaron compuestos y sales tóxicas y mortales para ellos, por lo que hasta la fecha, es uno de los muchos elementos que los humanos le tienen respeto.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bibliografía&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Leentech. “Nitrógeno.” &lt;a href="http://www.lenntech.es/periodica/elementos/n.htm"&gt;http://www.lenntech.es/periodica/elementos/n.htm&lt;/a&gt; (Recuperado el 29 de Noviembre del 2011)&lt;br /&gt;Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. “Nitrógeno.” &lt;a href="http://www.uam.es/docencia/elementos/spV21/sinmarcos/elementos/n.html"&gt;http://www.uam.es/docencia/elementos/spV21/sinmarcos/elementos/n.html&lt;/a&gt; (Recuperado el 29 de Noviembre del 2011)&lt;br /&gt;Wikipedia. “Nitrógeno.” &lt;a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitr%C3%B3geno"&gt;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitr%C3%B3geno&lt;/a&gt; (Recuperado el 29 de Noviembre del 2011).&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */ @font-face  {font-family:Arial; 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 mso-level-number-position:left;  text-indent:-18.0pt;  font-family:Symbol;} @list l0:level8  {mso-level-number-format:bullet;  mso-level-text:o;  mso-level-tab-stop:none;  mso-level-number-position:left;  text-indent:-18.0pt;  font-family:"Courier New";  mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @list l0:level9  {mso-level-number-format:bullet;  mso-level-text:;  mso-level-tab-stop:none;  mso-level-number-position:left;  text-indent:-18.0pt;  font-family:Wingdings;} ol  {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul  {margin-bottom:0&lt;/style&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-7789210537477482856?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/7789210537477482856/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=7789210537477482856' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/7789210537477482856'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/7789210537477482856'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/cuento-del-nitrogeno.html' title='Nitrógeno: el héroe justiciero'/><author><name>Maximiliano De La Higuera</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02272577735376100712</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-8777833066507857849</id><published>2011-12-01T15:55:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T15:55:47.957-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Highly Efficient Method for Creating Flexible, Transparent Electrodes Developed</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 15px; "&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;Researchers at UCLA report in the journal &lt;em&gt;ACS Nano&lt;/em&gt; that they have developed a unique method for producing transparent electrodes that uses silver nanowires in combination with other nanomaterials. The new electrodes are flexible and highly conductive and overcome the limitations associated with ITO.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="font-size: 13px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;For some time, silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have been seen as promising candidates to replace ITO because they are flexible and each wire is highly conductive. But complicated treatments have often been required to fuse crossed AgNWs to achieve low resistance and good substrate adhesion. To address this, the UCLA researchers demonstrated that by fusing AgNWs with metal-oxide nanoparticles and organic polymers, they could efficiently produce highly transparent conductors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111122113259.htm&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-8777833066507857849?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/8777833066507857849/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=8777833066507857849' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/8777833066507857849'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/8777833066507857849'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/highly-efficient-method-for-creating_01.html' title='Highly Efficient Method for Creating Flexible, Transparent Electrodes Developed'/><author><name>Sabás Sánchez</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02508530295290052969</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_3gUT5shDMgU/STTkEMsBNcI/AAAAAAAAAAg/hKmSQwf8-g0/S220/Triqueta.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-8347743850632779912</id><published>2011-12-01T15:53:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T15:54:11.070-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Fully Printed Carbon Nanotube Transistor Circuits for Displays</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;Now, researchers from Aneeve Nanotechnologies, a startup company at UCLA's on-campus technology incubator at the California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), have used low-cost ink-jet printing to fabricate the first circuits composed of fully printed back-gated and top-gated carbon nanotube-based electronics for use with OLED displays. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 15px; "&gt;In this innovative study, the team made carbon nanotube thin-film transistors with high mobility and a high on-off ratio, completely based on ink-jet printing. They demonstrated the first fully printed single-pixel OLED control circuits, and their fully printed thin-film circuits showed significant performance advantages over traditional organic-based printed electronics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 15px; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px Arial"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 15px; "&gt;http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111130161541.htm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-8347743850632779912?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/8347743850632779912/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=8347743850632779912' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/8347743850632779912'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/8347743850632779912'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/fully-printed-carbon-nanotube.html' title='Fully Printed Carbon Nanotube Transistor Circuits for Displays'/><author><name>Sabás Sánchez</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02508530295290052969</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_3gUT5shDMgU/STTkEMsBNcI/AAAAAAAAAAg/hKmSQwf8-g0/S220/Triqueta.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3573237763853104018</id><published>2011-12-01T15:30:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T15:32:56.434-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Space Fuel from URINE!</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;The anammox ( ammonium oxidation) germs were identified in 1990's but the discover of their use its recently. Researchers at Radboud University Nijmegen in Netherlands discovered a molecular mechanism by which the germs converted urine into hydrazine.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;http://www.stumbleupon.com/su/4avGGN/www.zeitnews.org/energy/pee-power-urine-loving-bug-churns-out-space-fuel.html&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3573237763853104018?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3573237763853104018/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3573237763853104018' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3573237763853104018'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3573237763853104018'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/space-fuel-from-urine.html' title='Space Fuel from URINE!'/><author><name>Sabás Sánchez</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02508530295290052969</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_3gUT5shDMgU/STTkEMsBNcI/AAAAAAAAAAg/hKmSQwf8-g0/S220/Triqueta.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-1386223517001366211</id><published>2011-12-01T15:29:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T15:29:40.089-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Advances Understanding of Lead Selenide Nanowires</title><content type='html'>a research team of pennsylvania's school of engineering and applied science and arts discovered how to control the characteristics of semiconductor nanowires made of a promising material: lead selenide&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The key of the research its controlling the conductive properties of the nanowires by the purification and keeping clean this nanowires, getting new unique properties of the material&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/news/penn-research-advances-understanding-lead-selenide-nanowires&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-1386223517001366211?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/1386223517001366211/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=1386223517001366211' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1386223517001366211'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1386223517001366211'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/advances-understanding-of-lead-selenide.html' title='Advances Understanding of Lead Selenide Nanowires'/><author><name>Sabás Sánchez</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02508530295290052969</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_3gUT5shDMgU/STTkEMsBNcI/AAAAAAAAAAg/hKmSQwf8-g0/S220/Triqueta.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-2021377196137468595</id><published>2011-12-01T15:10:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T15:17:32.391-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Penn Researchers Help Nanoscale Engineers Choose Self-Assembling Proteins</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;Researchers in philadelphia started to design proteins that will envelope a single walled carbon nanotube, using his one as a platform for the proteins.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;The meaning of this its to replicate the structure of the carbon nanotube by using another molecules, such as the proteins, or modifying the properties of the tube by using other compound or element as envelope.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;Fuente&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/news/penn-researchers-help-nanoscale-engineers-choose-self-assembling-proteins&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-2021377196137468595?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/2021377196137468595/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=2021377196137468595' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/2021377196137468595'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/2021377196137468595'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/penn-researchers-help-nanoscale.html' title='Penn Researchers Help Nanoscale Engineers Choose Self-Assembling Proteins'/><author><name>Sabás Sánchez</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02508530295290052969</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_3gUT5shDMgU/STTkEMsBNcI/AAAAAAAAAAg/hKmSQwf8-g0/S220/Triqueta.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-9076226926428179262</id><published>2011-12-01T15:02:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T15:03:58.926-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"&gt;Cómo hacer cloroformo :P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"&gt;Making the chloroform. Wear protective gear like goggles, gloves, and so on to ensure you are well protected. The instructions to make chloroform are listed in an easy-to-follow bulleted list:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;" /&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;" /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;Start by filling up a glass container with half a liter of bleach&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;" /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;Lower the temperature of the bleach solution by adding ice also into the container and allowing it to cool.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;" /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;Pour 10 ml of the acetone (to maintain a ratio of 1: 50, one part acetone to fifty parts of bleach) into the container.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;" /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;Add some more ice to keep the temperature low. Replacing the cubes that have already melted will ensure this. The bleach must be kept cool as otherwise it will emit fumes of bleach and chloroform.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;" /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;Keep aside for 20 minutes to ensure complete reaction. In a while clouding up can be seen with an increase in temperature.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;" /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;Allow time for the reaction to settle. This will take about half an hour, but if after this time also the solution does not appear to be settling, a stir will help.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;" /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;Once settled, you will see either be a white powder residue or a bubble at the bottom. This is chloroform.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;" /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;Pour the solution out with care, ensuring that no powder or bubble leaves the container.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;" /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: left;"&gt;Now the pure chloroform, which remains in the glass container, can be extracted with a separation funnel.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-9076226926428179262?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/9076226926428179262/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=9076226926428179262' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/9076226926428179262'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/9076226926428179262'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/como-hacer-cloroformo-p-making.html' title=''/><author><name>Pedro Amaro 139971</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17432129745921056345</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3357423493054549406</id><published>2011-12-01T14:51:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T15:01:47.450-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://news.ncsu.edu/releases/wms-genzer-photochromic/"&gt;http://news.ncsu.edu/releases/wms-genzer-photochromic/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Está interesante por los espiranos, los cuals son molecúlas que cambian de color pero solo con luz UV. Para que cambie de color, tienes que añadir hidroxilos o ácido carboxílico.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3357423493054549406?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3357423493054549406/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3357423493054549406' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3357423493054549406'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3357423493054549406'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/httpnews.html' title=''/><author><name>Pedro Amaro 139971</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17432129745921056345</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-307293628622171019</id><published>2011-12-01T14:45:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T14:47:54.873-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.org-chem.org/yuuki/nanoputian/nanoputian_en.html"&gt;http://www.org-chem.org/yuuki/nanoputian/nanoputian_en.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;personas hechas de moléculas orgánicas... no hay mucho que decir más que está nominado al Ig Nobel&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-307293628622171019?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/307293628622171019/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=307293628622171019' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/307293628622171019'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/307293628622171019'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/httpwww.html' title=''/><author><name>Pedro Amaro 139971</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17432129745921056345</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-7931540194693853692</id><published>2011-12-01T14:42:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T14:42:38.517-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Molecular scientist develop color-changing stress sensor</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;Scientist from the university of pennsylvania researched about 2 molecules ( porphyrins and polymersomes) being used as a stress sensor.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;This work's packing the porphyrins in a polymersome membrane that can modulate the light emission of the molecules, and when you put a stress in the environment you change the configuration and optical release of the porphyries, as the doctor Hammer said.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/news/penn-molecular-scientists-develop-color-changing-stress-sensor&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-7931540194693853692?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/7931540194693853692/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=7931540194693853692' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/7931540194693853692'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/7931540194693853692'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/molecular-scientist-develop-color.html' title='Molecular scientist develop color-changing stress sensor'/><author><name>Sabás Sánchez</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02508530295290052969</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_3gUT5shDMgU/STTkEMsBNcI/AAAAAAAAAAg/hKmSQwf8-g0/S220/Triqueta.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-1723407710396112558</id><published>2011-12-01T14:42:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T14:42:25.401-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Penn chemists make first molecular binding measurement of radon</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;Penn chemists make first molecular binding measurement of radon&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;Some chemists from the university of pennsylvania investigated about the interactions of the radon with the organic molecule of cryptophane predicting an optimized cage form of this binding, being the first measurement of radon binding to a discrete molecule.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;Measuring a solution of radon and water soluble cryptophane.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;Fuente&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Helvetica"&gt;www.upenn.edu/pennnews/news/penn-chemists-make-first-molecular-binding-measurement-radon&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-1723407710396112558?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/1723407710396112558/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=1723407710396112558' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1723407710396112558'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1723407710396112558'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/penn-chemists-make-first-molecular.html' title='Penn chemists make first molecular binding measurement of radon'/><author><name>Sabás Sánchez</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02508530295290052969</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='30' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_3gUT5shDMgU/STTkEMsBNcI/AAAAAAAAAAg/hKmSQwf8-g0/S220/Triqueta.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-3074052481341413878</id><published>2011-12-01T13:50:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T15:53:00.839-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Trabajo final</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TIRlso8wb2Y/TtgTU3Z1HnI/AAAAAAAAABY/3dJwlbuohuY/s1600/siliconcrystal.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"&gt;&lt;img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 171px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TIRlso8wb2Y/TtgTU3Z1HnI/AAAAAAAAABY/3dJwlbuohuY/s320/siliconcrystal.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5681312179118481010" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Sili, el nuevo nano&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Silicio era un nuevo estudiante de nanotecnología en la UDLAP, y como todos los estudiantes de nano, según dicen” (¬¬) un poco misterioso y raro; poca gente sabía algo de él, a pesar de que es muy amigable, sólo sus mejores amigos&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt; los óxidos y silicatos estaban siempre a su lado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Un buen sábado Silicio (el pequeño Si, como lo llamaban sus amigos, ya que solo pesaba 28.086 g), salió a divertirse con sus nuevos compañeros y se embriagó en camino real (que raro), así es como parte del misterio desapareció, ya que comenzó a contar su historia…&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Según cuenta la leyenda Silicio nació en 1787 (es el hijo número 14) su padre adoptivo &lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background:white"&gt;Antoine Lavoisier &lt;/span&gt;lo encontró un día en la calle jugando con silicatos. Sili tiene dos hermanos llamados isótopos casi igual de pequeños que él, uno pesa 30 g y el otro pequeño hermano tan sólo 29 g, se lleva bien con ellos aunque realmente  casi no los ve. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "&gt;En sus primeros años de vida la gente no sabía mucho sobre Si, pero conforme fue creciendo, se fue dando a conocer poco a poco, una de las cosas que lo caracterizan es que tiene un brillo especial ante la gente siempre esta de buenas y es muy positivo, la única forma de ponerlo de malas es cuando sus profesores lo ponen a hacer trabajos en equipo con siliciuros; es un poco mujeriego, le gusta andar con cuatro chavas a la vez, bueno mínimo dos., pero a pesar de andar con varias chicas a la vez, Sili, es de buenos sentimientos y si lo lastimas es bastante frágil.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;Su familia es una de las más importantes del mundo, bueno no sólo del mundo, si no del universo, son la octava familia más importante y más grande del universo, en la tierra constituyen aproximadamente el 27.7 % de la población mundial, son brillantes, y muy importantes en la industria, gracias a una capacidad muy interesante y rara que poseen, denominada semiconductividad&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;, que según le enseñaron a Si desde pequeño, es lo que lo hace especial entre sus primos los metaloides y es también lo que lo hace muy solicitado en sus trabajos en electrónica, pues aunque tiene competencia, es el más utilizado, ya sea en su estado natural, o bajo el efecto de drogas denominadas dopaje, que contrario a lo que se podría pensar, lo hacen más eficiente en su trabajo. De hecho tuvo el gusto de ser homenajeado en California, en el sitio donde se hacen los desarrollos más importantes de electrónica, debelando la placa con su nombre. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "&gt;Su familia es dueña de todo un imperio de industrias y como toda empresa bien administrada, buscan diversificarse, estableciéndose en diferentes rubros de la industria, entre ellos la maquila de materiales para la construcción como ladrillos u hormigón, o la fabricación de vidrios y aislantes. La familia de Silicio esta en pro del medio ambiente por lo que ponen una especial atención en su industria que se dedica al desarrollo de celdas fotovoltaicas, además cuentan también con industrias de aceite, elastómeros, esmaltes, aislantes y resinas de silicona. Pero quizá una de las aplicaciones más conocidas y que por lo que platica le dejan más dinero a las industrias de la familia de Si, son pioneros en las prótesis de cirugía estética.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "&gt;Aunque Si ama ser pequeño, sabe que si fuera más grande presentaría una nueva propiedad llamada piezoelectricidad, lo que además de hacerlo más atractivo ante las chicas, lo haría muy útil en la producción de sensores, inyectores de combustible, altavoces, entre otros.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "&gt;El pequeño Si sabe que algún día heredará las industrias de su familia, y también sabe que no se puede mantener en la cima de la industria sin innovaciones, por lo que está muy interesado en estudiar Nano para que el día que su empresa dependa de él, pueda obtener muchas novedades; según platica, hoy en día ya trabaja mucho en algunas investigaciones con su amigo Óxido,  y juntos han logrado conquistar las portadas de importantes revistas como ACS nano o Nature Nanotechnology, pero ellos no sólo quieren el reconocimiento y la fama, también quieren que la gente utilice sus inventos, por lo que buscan ahora métodos para hacerlos más accesibles al público.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "&gt;Ya que la familia de silicio es tan grande y poderosa, muchas familias quieren formar alianzas con ellos para fortalecerse, principalmente la familia Aluminio, Magnesio y Cobre; y dada la importancia de su familia hasta las más grandes estrellas desean ser como ellos, por lo que su último deseo antes de morir es que una parte de ellas pueda formar parte de la familia de Si, estando dispuestas a quemar todo lo que tienen para ser consideradas como suficientemente importantes, y reciben ese pequeño honor, al menos durante su último día de vida. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "&gt;Y esto es lo que Silicio nos relató, aquella noche que se embriagó; esperamos salir de nuevo, con unos cuantos shots para él y conocer más sobre su vida y sus planes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; "&gt;Bibliografía&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lenntech.es/periodica/elementos/si.htm#ixzz1f8ZXsPKn"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-font-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: ES-MX"&gt;http://www.lenntech.es/periodica/elementos/si.htm#ixzz1f8ZXsPKn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.quimicaweb.net/tablaperiodica/paginas/silicio.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;http://www.quimicaweb.net/tablaperiodica/paginas/silicio.htm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://eltamiz.com/2008/02/02/conoce-tus-elementos-el-silicio/"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;http://eltamiz.com/2008/02/02/conoce-tus-elementos-el-silicio/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.chemicool.com/elements/silicon.html"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;http://www.chemicool.com/elements/silicon.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-3074052481341413878?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/3074052481341413878/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=3074052481341413878' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3074052481341413878'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/3074052481341413878'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/trabajo-final.html' title='Trabajo final'/><author><name>Liz Minjares</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03297711340588572810</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TIRlso8wb2Y/TtgTU3Z1HnI/AAAAAAAAABY/3dJwlbuohuY/s72-c/siliconcrystal.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-1916208609712601490</id><published>2011-12-01T12:09:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T12:10:33.368-08:00</updated><title type='text'>On the Road to Plasmonics With Silver Polyhedral Nanocrystals: Researchers Find Simpler Approach to Making Plasmonic Materials</title><content type='html'>&lt;p id="first"&gt;&lt;span class="date"&gt;ScienceDaily (Nov. 22, 2011)&lt;/span&gt; —  The question of how many polyhedral nanocrystals of silver can be packed  into millimeter-sized supercrystals may not be burning on many lips but  the answer holds importance for one of today's hottest new high-tech  fields -- plasmonics! Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy  (DOE)'s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) may have  opened the door to a simpler approach for the fabrication of plasmonic  materials by inducing polyhedral-shaped silver nanocrystals to  self-assemble into three-dimensional supercrystals of the highest  possible density.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Plasmonics is the phenomenon by which a beam of light is confined in  ultra-cramped spaces allowing it to be manipulated into doing things a  beam of light in open space cannot. This phenomenon holds great promise  for superfast computers, microscopes that can see nanoscale objects with  visible light, and even the creation of invisibility carpets. A major  challenge for developing plasmonic technology, however, is the  difficulty of fabricating metamaterials with nano-sized interfaces  between noble metals and dielectrics.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Peidong Yang, a chemist with Berkeley Lab's Materials Sciences  Division, led a study in which silver nanocrystals of a variety of  polyhedral shapes self-assembled into exotic millimeter-sized  superstructures through a simple sedimentation technique based on  gravity. This first ever demonstration of forming such large-scale  silver supercrystals through sedimentation is described in a paper in  the journal &lt;em&gt;Nature Materials &lt;/em&gt;titled "Self-assembly of uniform  polyhedral silver nanocrystals into densest packings and exotic  superlattices." Yang, who also holds appointments with the University of  California Berkeley's Chemistry Department and Department of Materials  Science and Engineering, is the corresponding author.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"We have shown through experiment and computer simulation that a  range of highly uniform, nanoscale silver polyhedral crystals can  self-assemble into structures that have been calculated to be the  densest packings of these shapes," Yang says. "In addition, in the case  of octahedra, we showed that controlling polymer concentration allows us  to tune between a well-known lattice packing structure and a novel  packing structure that featured complex helical motifs."&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;In the &lt;em&gt;Nature Materials &lt;/em&gt;paper Yang and his co-authors  describe a polyol synthesis technique that was used to generate silver  nanocrystals in various shapes, including cubes, truncated cubes,  cuboctahedra, truncated octahedra and octahedra over a range of sizes  from 100 to 300 nanometers. These uniform polyhedral nanocrystals were  then placed in solution where they assembled themselves into dense  supercrystals some 25 square millimeters in size through gravitational  sedimentation. While the assembly process could be carried out in bulk  solution, having the assembly take place in the reservoirs of microarray  channels provided Yang and his collaborators with precise control of  the superlattice dimensions.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"In a typical experiment, a dilute solution of nanoparticles was  loaded into a reservoir that was then tilted, causing the particles to  gradually sediment and assemble at the bottom of the reservoir," Yang  says. "More concentrated solutions or higher angles of tilt caused the  assemblies to form more quickly."&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The assemblies generated by this sedimentation procedure exhibited  both translational and rotational order over exceptional length scales.  In the cases of cubes, truncated octahedra and octahedra, the structures  of the dense supercrystals corresponded precisely to their densest  lattice packings. Although sedimentation-driven assembly is not new,  Yang says this is the first time the technique has been used to make  large-scale assemblies of highly uniform polyhedral particles.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"The key factor in our experiments is particle shape, a feature we  have found easier to control," Yang says. "When compared with crystal  structures of spherical particles, our dense packings of polyhedra are  characterized by higher packing fractions, larger interfaces between  particles, and different geometries of voids and gaps, which will  determine the electrical and optical properties of these materials."&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The silver nanocrystals used by Yang and his colleagues are excellent  plasmonic materials for surface-enhanced applications, such as sensing,  nanophotonics and photocatalysis. Packing the nanocrystals into  three-dimensional supercrystals allows them to be used as metamaterials  with the unique optical properties that make plasmonic technology so  intriguing.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"Our self-assembly process for these silver polyhedral nanocrystals  may give us access to a wide range of interesting, scalable  nanostructured materials with dimensions that are comparable to those of  bulk materials," Yang says.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Co-authoring the &lt;em&gt;Nature Materials &lt;/em&gt;paper with Yang were Joel  Henzie, Michael Grünwald, Asaph Widmer-Cooper and Phillip Geissler, who  also holds joint appointments with Berkeley Lab and UC Berkeley.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This research was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and DOE's Office of Science.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reference: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111122153852.htm&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-1916208609712601490?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/1916208609712601490/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=1916208609712601490' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1916208609712601490'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/1916208609712601490'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/on-road-to-plasmonics-with-silver.html' title='On the Road to Plasmonics With Silver Polyhedral Nanocrystals: Researchers Find Simpler Approach to Making Plasmonic Materials'/><author><name>M. Laura Sosa M.</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05241601217147734983</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-7753713179024643066</id><published>2011-12-01T11:37:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T11:39:00.461-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111122113259.htm'/><title type='text'>Highly Efficient Method for Creating Flexible, Transparent Electrodes Developed</title><content type='html'>&lt;p id="first"&gt;&lt;span class="date"&gt;ScienceDaily (Nov. 22, 2011)&lt;/span&gt;  — As the market for liquid crystal displays and other electronics  continues to drive up the price of indium -- the material used to make  the indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes in these devices --  scientists have been searching for a less costly and more dynamic  alternative, particularly for use in future flexible electronic.&lt;/p&gt;Besides its high price, ITO has several drawbacks. It's brittle,  making it impractical for use in flexible displays and solar cells, and  there is a lack of availability of indium, which is found primarily in  Asia. Further, the production of ITO films is relatively inefficient. &lt;p&gt;Now, researchers at UCLA report in the journal &lt;em&gt;ACS Nano&lt;/em&gt; that  they have developed a unique method for producing transparent  electrodes that uses silver nanowires in combination with other  nanomaterials. The new electrodes are flexible and highly conductive and  overcome the limitations associated with ITO.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;For some time, silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have been seen as  promising candidates to replace ITO because they are flexible and each  wire is highly conductive. But complicated treatments have often been  required to fuse crossed AgNWs to achieve low resistance and good  substrate adhesion. To address this, the UCLA researchers demonstrated  that by fusing AgNWs with metal-oxide nanoparticles and organic  polymers, they could efficiently produce highly transparent conductors.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The team of researchers represents a collaboration between the  department of materials science and engineering at the UCLA Henry  Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science; the department of  chemistry and biochemistry in the UCLA College of Letters and Science;  and the California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) at UCLA.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The team was led by Yang Yang, a professor of materials science and  engineering, and Paul Weiss, director of the CNSI and a professor of  materials science and engineering and of chemistry and biochemistry.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"In this work, we demonstrate a simple and effective solution method  to achieve highly conductive AgNW composite films with excellent optical  transparency and mechanical properties," said Yang who also directs the  Nano Renewable Energy Center at the CNSI. "This is by far the best  solution: a processed, transparent electrode that is compatible with a  wide variety of substrate choices."&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Scientists can easily spray a surface with the nanowires to make a  transparent mat, but the challenge is to make the silver nanowires  adhere to the surface more securely without the use of extreme  temperatures (200° C) or high pressures, steps that make the  nanomaterials less compatible with the sensitive organic materials  typically used to make flexible electronics.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To meet this challenge, Rui Zhu, the paper's first author, developed a  low-temperature method to make high-performance transparent electrodes  from silver nanowires using spray coating of a unique combination of  nanomaterials.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;First, researchers sprayed a solution of commercially available  silver nanowires onto a surface. They then treated the nanowires with a  solution of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to create a hybrid film. As  the film dries, capillary forces pull the nanowires together, improving  the film's conductivity. The scientists then coated the film with a  layer of conductive polymer to increase the wires' adhesion to the  surface.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The AgNW composite meshes are highly conductive, with excellent  optical transparency and mechanical properties. The research team also  built solar cells using the new electrodes and found that their  performance was comparable to that of solar cells made with indium tin  oxide.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The research received support from the Office of Naval Research and the Kavli Foundation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/33512762-7753713179024643066?l=al-quimicos.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/feeds/7753713179024643066/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=33512762&amp;postID=7753713179024643066' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/7753713179024643066'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/33512762/posts/default/7753713179024643066'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://al-quimicos.blogspot.com/2011/12/highly-efficient-method-for-creating.html' title='Highly Efficient Method for Creating Flexible, Transparent Electrodes Developed'/><author><name>M. Laura Sosa M.</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05241601217147734983</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33512762.post-7995146329124084807</id><published>2011-12-01T10:30:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T10:40:03.423-08:00</updated><title type='text'>The effect of nano-structured alumina coating on resin-bond strength to zirconia ceramics</title><content type='html'>&lt;h3 style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:2.35pt;margin-left: 0cm;background:white;vertical-align:baseline"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 115%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-weight: normal; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;Materials and methods&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.85pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 12.5pt; background-color: white; vertical-align: baseline; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; outline-color: initial; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  &gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "&gt;A total of 120 densely sintered disc-shaped specimens (15.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" spt="75" preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"&gt;  &lt;v:stroke joinstyle="miter"&gt;  &lt;v:formulas&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"&gt; 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"&gt;±&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id="Imagen_x0020_2" spid="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="http://www.demajournal.com/webfiles/images/transparent.gif" style="'width:3pt;height:.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'"&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Paco\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" title="transparent"&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img width="4" height="1" src="file:///C:\Users\Paco\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" alt="http://www.demajournal.com/webfiles/images/transparent.gif" shapes="Imagen_x0020_2" /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "&gt;0.03&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id="Imagen_x0020_3" spid="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="http://www.demajournal.com/webfiles/images/transparent.gif" style="'width:3pt;height:.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'"&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Paco\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" title="transparent"&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img width="4" height="1" src="file:///C:\Users\Paco\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" alt="http://www.demajournal.com/webfiles/images/transparent.gif" shapes="Imagen_x0020_3" /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "&gt;mm in diameter and 2.6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id="Imagen_x0020_4" spid="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="http://www.demajournal.com/webfiles/images/transparent.gif" style="'width:3pt;height:.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'"&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Paco\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" title="transparent"&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img width="4" height="1" src="file:///C:\Users\Paco\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" alt="http://www.demajournal.com/webfiles/images/transparent.gif" shapes="Imagen_x0020_4" /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "&gt;±&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id="Imagen_x0020_5" spid="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="http://www.demajournal.com/webfiles/images/transparent.gif" style="'width:3pt;height:.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'"&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Paco\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" title="transparent"&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img width="4" height="1" src="file:///C:\Users\Paco\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" alt="http://www.demajournal.com/webfiles/images/transparent.gif" shapes="Imagen_x0020_5" /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "&gt;0.03&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id="Imagen_x0020_6" spid="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="http://www.demajournal.com/webfiles/images/transparent.gif" style="'width:3pt;height:.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'"&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Paco\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" title="transparent"&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img width="4" height="1" src="file:///C:\Users\Paco\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.gif" alt="http://www.demajournal.com/w
