Complejos de oro

Los complejos de oro (I) tienen propiedades fotofísicas rica y variada. la
átomos pesados ​​efecto de oro (Z ¼ 79) dota Orgánicos (I) especies con
estado triplete-photoproperties entre sistemas de mejora de cruce entre
singlete y triplete estados excitados. No obstante, los fotofísica
de oro (I) arilos, es decir, de las especies aromáticas nominalmente fluorescentes
perturbado por la terminal R-bonos en oro-se hace muy poco emergente.


 Fuente:http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=4a1db978-ac27-45e4-b6e7-3dd8df37691e%40sessionmgr112&vid=14&hid=10

La profundidad y la amplitud de la conexión de boro

El principio de isolobalidad es aquel implementado en al quimifica (orgánica e inorgánica) par apredecir los enlaces en los compuestos organometalicos.


Dos grupos se dice isolobales cuando:

1. tienen la energía y la forma de la frontera orbitales moleculares similares;
2. tienen simetría geométrica similar;
3. el mismo número de electrones en los orbitales frontera.

En el trabajo de Aristides D. Zdetsis encontramos que lso clusters de Sin−2C2H2 y C2Bn−2Hn tienen una analogia isolobal.Esta analogía que demanda una estrutura similar y una relacion de orbitales frontera muy directa se cumple, y hasta existe una analogia de multienlaces y aromaticidad.

Estas relaciones se amntienen en equilibrio hasta los clusters iguales o mayores a 8 atomos de estaño o borano.Siendo el Si6C2H2 mucho ams funcional que su análogo de C2B6H8. también se notó que al aromaticidad en estos compuestos de mas de 8 átomos se hace mas débil posiblemente provocada por la simetría de la molécula en conjunto.


Como todo esto hay una enrome esperanza de todas las aplicaciones de compuestos de carboranos y complejos y compuestos de carboranos para la Química, Medicina y Ciencia de Materiales y no solo en carboranos sino en sus análogos de Silicio-Carbono.


Fuente:http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=4a1db978-ac27-45e4-b6e7-3dd8df37691e%40sessionmgr112&vid=7&hid=10

Converting Graphene Oxide Monolayers into Boron Carbonitride Nanosheets by Substitutional Doping.

To realize graphene-based electronics, bandgap opening of graphene has become one of the most important issues that urgently need to be addressed. Recent theoretical and experimental studies show that intentional doping of graphene with boron and nitrogen atoms is a promising route to open the bandgap, and the doped graphene might exhibit properties complementary to those of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), largely extending the applications of these materials in the areas of electronics and optics. This work demonstrates the conversion of graphene oxide nanosheets into boron carbonitride (BCN) nanosheets by reacting them with B(2) O(3) and ammonia at 900 to 1100 °C, by which the boron and nitrogen atoms are incorporated into the graphene lattice in randomly distributed BN nanodomains. The content of BN in BN-doped graphene nanosheets can be tuned by changing the reaction temperature, which in turn affects the optical bandgap of these nanosheets. Electrical measurements show that the BN-doped graphene nanosheet exhibits an ambipolar semiconductor behavior and the electrical bandgap is estimated to be ≈25.8 meV. This study provides a novel and simple route to synthesize BN-doped graphene nanosheets that may be useful for various optoelectronic applications.

Tsung-Wu Lin, Ching-Yuan Su, Xin-Quan Zhang, Wenjing Zhang, Yi-Hsien Lee, Chih-Wei Chu, Hsin-Yu Lin, Mu-Tung Chang, Fu-Rong Chen, Lain-Jong Li

Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, 181 Sec. 3, Taichung Port Rd., Taichung City 40704, Taiwan. .

Journal Article: Small (impact factor: 6.17). 02/2012; DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101927

Nuevas herramientas para la 'nanobioingeniería'

Todos los organismos vivos estamos compuestos por células. Dentro de ellas existen una gran cantidad y variedad de macromoléculas que, organizadas en agrupaciones, realizan funciones altamente específicas tales como la translación de compuestos de un lado a otro de la célula o la replicación de otras moléculas, solo por citar algunas. El conjunto de estas agrupaciones macromoleculares compone la maquinaria celular de donde emanan todas nuestras funciones vitales: desde la nutrición o el crecimiento hasta la transmisión de la información genética de generación en generación, constituyendo la base de nuestra herencia.

Los virus, unos entes biológicos mucho más sencillos que las células, son capaces de aprovechar la maquinaria celular de estas para reproducirse. No obstante, a pesar de ser más simples, también están formados por complejas agrupaciones de macromoléculas que, por ejemplo, pueden funcionar como sofisticados, rápidos y potentes motores.

Durante los últimos 30 años, la ciencia ha dedicado un esfuerzo considerable a estudiar la estructura de estas macromoléculas. El investigador José López Carrascosa, del CNB-CSIC, ha realizado aportaciones fundamentales desarrollando nuevas herramientas para desvelar la forma tridimensional de estas importantes máquinas moleculares y su funcionamiento de forma individual.

FUENTE:

http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2012/01/31/nanotecnologia/1328009225.html

Llega el vendaje nanotecnológico que avisa de una infección

Un innovador vendaje que incorpora elementos bionanotecnológicos es capaz de vigilar la evolución de una herida y emprender por su cuenta algunas acciones.

En condiciones normales, este singular vendaje se limita a monitorizar la herida o quemadura, a fin de detectar la proliferación indeseada de bacterias.

Si surge una infección, el vendaje libera automáticamente un agente antimicrobiano.

Si esta operación no puede detener la infección, entonces el vendaje cambia su color para alertar al paciente o al personal sanitario.

Cuando esté plenamente operativo y aprobado para su uso médico, este vendaje ayudará a combatir las infecciones en heridas y quemaduras, gracias a su actuación inmediata cuando surja una, y también a su señal de alerta temprana cuando no consiga controlarla.

El problema de la infección de heridas, especialmente con la evolución de bacterias resistentes a los antibióticos, como la Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (MRSA, por sus siglas en inglés), es bien conocido por mucha gente, pero no así el hecho de que las infecciones de heridas son la causa específica de muerte de la mitad de todas las personas que fallecen a consecuencia de quemaduras térmicas.

La tecnología que el equipo del Dr. Toby Jenkins, director del Grupo de Investigación de Química Biofísica en la Universidad de Bath, Reino Unido, está desarrollando, va orientada sobre todo a tratar quemaduras en niños pequeños.

ste prometedor proyecto actualmente se está llevando a cabo en cinco países europeos, y recientemente el Dr. Jenkins hizo públicas, durante una conferencia celebrada en la Universidad de Leicester, Reino Unido, diversas cuestiones sobre el progreso de la labor de investigación y desarrollo.

FUENTE:

http://noticiasdelaciencia.com/not/3120/llega_el_vendaje_nanotecnologico_que_avisa_de_una_infeccion/

Nanopills Release Drugs Directly from the Inside of Cells

UAB researchers developed a new vehicle to release proteins with therapeutic effects. This is known as "bacteria-inclusion bodies," stable insoluble nanoparticles which normally are found in recombinant bacteria. Even though these inclusion bodies traditionally have been an obstacle in the industrial production of soluble enzymes and biodrugs, they were recently recognised as having large amounts of functional proteins with direct values in industrial and biomedical applications.

The research team led by Antoni Vallverde from the Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB) at UAB worked in collaboration with the Online Biomedical Research Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) to verify the value of these nanoparticles as natural "nanopills" with a strong capacity to penetrate cells and carry out biological activities. The nanopill concept represents a new and promising platform for drug administration and illustrates the yet to be explored power of microbian materials in medicine.

The researchers, in a multidisciplinary study at UAB led by Dr Esther Vàzquez, packaged four proteins containing different therapeutic effects into experimental nanopills, the inclusion bodies of the bacteria Escherichia coli. They put the bacteria in contact with cell cultures of mammals under similar conditions to those found in real clinical pathologies, "sick" cells with low viability, and achieved to recover their activity.

Once the technology was licensed to Janus Developments, the tolerance of its administration in vivo were confirmed through experiments conducted by UAB researcher Ester Fernández. The results and detailed description of the "nanopill" were published this week in the journal Advanced Materials.

The multidisciplinary study included researchers from IBB, the UAB Departments of Genetics and Microbiology and of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, the CIBER-BBN, the CIBER-EHD (Online Biomedical Research Centre for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases), the firm Janus Developments, the Leibniz University of Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research in Germany.

The use of inclusion bodies as therapeutic agents was patented by UAB and CIBER-BBN (patent code: WO2010131117A1), and licensed to the biotechnology firm Janus Developments, which currently invests in the development of the product.

source:http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120316145755.htm

Making carbon nanotube nanoelectronics safe for the environment

(Nanowerk News) The percentage of electronic waste occupying our landfills has grown at an alarming rate over the last decade, giving rise to concerns about the toxicity of components used in consumer electronics. Researchers at the University of Florida are looking for ways to minimize environmental hazards associated with a material likely to play an increasingly important role in the manufacture of these goods in the future. The results of their most recent studies are published in the March 2012 issue of Nanotoxicology ("Mitigation of the impact of single-walled carbon nanotubes on a freshwater green algae: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata").

Carbon nanotubes are already being used in touch screens and to make smaller, more efficient transistors. And if current research to develop them for use in lithium ion batteries is successful, carbon nanotubes could become important technology for powering everything from smartphones to hybrid vehicles. But for all of the promise developers see in this emerging technology, there is also some concern.

"Depending on how the nanotubes are used, they can be toxic – exhibiting properties similar to asbestos in laboratory mice," said Jean-Claude Bonzongo, associate professor of environmental engineering at UF's College of Engineering. He is involved in a research collaboration with Kirk Ziegler, a UF associate professor of chemical engineering, to minimize this important material's potential for harm.

In particular, the UF team is investigating toxicity associated with aqueous solutions of carbon nanotubes that would be used in certain manufacturing processes.

"At the nano-scale, electron interactions between atoms are restricted, and that creates some of the desirable traits like the high conductivity that manufacturers want to take advantage of with carbon nanotubes," Ziegler said. "But exploiting those properties is difficult because the nanotubes tend to clump together."

For that reason, carbon nanotubes have to be treated in some way to keep them dispersed and available for electron interactions that make them good conductors. One way to do it is to mix them with an aqueous solution that acts as a detergent and separates the tangled bundles.

"Some of the surfactants, or solutions, are toxic on their own," Bonzongo said. "And others become toxic in the presence of carbon nanotubes."

He and Zeigler are focusing their investigations on solutions that become hazardous when mixed with the carbon nanotubes. Their most recent results indicate that toxicity can be reduced by controlling the ratio of liquid to particulate.

A cost-effective means of unbundling nanotubes remains one of the last hurdles for manufacturers to clear before they can employ the technology in mass-produced electronics. Current processes used for laboratory prototypes, including mechanical homogenization or centrifugal sifting, would be too expensive for manufacturing consumer electronics. For that reason, liquid suspension agents may be the way forward if we are to have nano-tech products for the masses. "It's an emerging technology," Bonzongo said. "We want to get ahead of it and make sure that the progress is sustainable — in terms of the environment and human health."

Source: By Donna Hesterman, University of Florida

http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=24675.php

Producción de gas con Nanotecnología

Una manera más económica de producir un gas natural menos contaminante y que produce más calor

Según informaron los científicos en San Diego el 27 de marzo, la nueva tecnología ofrece la perspectiva de una producción más económica de una forma concentrada de gas natural con muchas de las ventajas --en cuanto a costes más bajos de almacenaje y envío-- de los conocidos concentrados de zumo de fruta congelados, detergentes líquidos para la ropa y otros productos del hogar a los que se les ha extraído el agua.

Los científicos afirmaron en la 243ª National Meeting & Exposition de la American Chemical Society (ACS), la sociedad científica más grande del mundo, que este "supergas natural

Producción de gas con Nanotecnología

Una manera más económica de producir un gas natural menos contaminante y que produce más calor

Según informaron los científicos en San Diego el 27 de marzo, la nueva tecnología ofrece la perspectiva de una producción más económica de una forma concentrada de gas natural con muchas de las ventajas --en cuanto a costes más bajos de almacenaje y envío-- de los conocidos concentrados de zumo de fruta congelados, detergentes líquidos para la ropa y otros productos del hogar a los que se les ha extraído el agua.

Los científicos afirmaron en la 243ª National Meeting & Exposition de la American Chemical Society (ACS), la sociedad científica más grande del mundo, que este "supergas natural" produciría una mayor temperatura al arder que el combustible habitual y ocuparía aproximadamente un 40% menos de espacio en las tuberías, los camiones cisterna y las cámaras de almacenamiento. Pero según el Doctor Mohammad G. Rabbani, quién informó del estudio, sus beneficios potenciales van más allá de eso: hacer del gas natural una mejor fuente de hidrógeno para su uso en vehículos impulsados por pilas de combustible en la cuestionada "economía del hidrógeno" del futuro." produciría una mayor temperatura al arder que el combustible habitual y ocuparía aproximadamente un 40% menos de espacio en las tuberías, los camiones cisterna y las cámaras de almacenamiento. Pero según el Doctor Mohammad G. Rabbani, quién informó del estudio, sus beneficios potenciales van más allá de eso: hacer del gas natural una mejor fuente de hidrógeno para su uso en vehículos impulsados por pilas de combustible en la cuestionada "economía del hidrógeno" del futuro

fuente:http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120327091101.htm%20

Chips de memoria transparentes

(Nanowerk News) Want a see-through cellphone you can wrap around your wrist? Such a thing may be possible before long, according to Rice University chemist James Tour, whose lab has developed transparent, flexible memories using silicon oxide as the active component.

Tour revealed this week in a talk at the national meeting and exposition of the American Chemical Society in San Diego that the new type of memory could combine with the likes of transparent electrodes developed at Rice for flexible touchscreens and transparent integrated circuits and batteries developed at other labs in recent years.

Details of the Rice breakthrough will be published in an upcoming paper, Tour said.

A flexible, transparent memory chip created by researchers at Rice University. (Image: Tour Lab/Rice University)

"Generally, you can't see a bit of memory, because it's too small," said Tour, Rice's T.T. and W.F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science and of computer science. "But silicon itself is not transparent. If the density of the circuits is high enough, you're going to see it."

Rice's transparent memory is based upon the 2010 discovery that pushing a strong charge through standard silicon oxide, an insulator widely used in electronics, forms channels of pure silicon crystals less than 5 nanometers wide. The initial voltage appears to strip oxygen atoms from the silicon oxide; lesser charges then repeatedly break and reconnect the circuit and turn it into nonvolatile memory. A smaller signal can be used to poll the memory state without altering it.

That discovery was reported on the front page of the New York Times. The Rice lab has since developed a working two-terminal memory device that can be stacked in a three-dimensional configuration and attached to a flexible substrate.

Professor Tour gave a press conference on transparent memory chips during the convention. View a video recording of the conference here: http://www.ustream.tv/recorded/21406611. fuente:

http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=24754.php

Metal-interrupted perylene diimide: toward a new class of tunable n-type inorganic-organic hybrid semiconductors.

In organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), organic electron-transport materials (n-type semiconductors) are well behind the advances in development of hole-transport materials (p-type semiconductors). Currently, one class of organic n-type semiconductor materials that is widely utilized is N,N'-dialkyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-R) derivatives with high electron affinities (EAs), such as N,N'-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide with a reported EA as high as 4.4 eV. The PTCDI-R derivatives have been manipulated by adding substituents on the perylene moiety or at the amine position to afford more stable compounds and higher EAs. On the basis of these materials, we have developed metal-containing perylenediimide analogues, placing a salpen ligand for metal ion chelation between two n-isobutylnaphthalimides. We demonstrate here that the electronic properties of this class of materials can be systematically tuned in a divergent manner by simply changing the metal center. The synthesis, characterization, electrochemistry, and band-gap analysis are discussed herein.

Kate R Edelman, Bradley J Holliday

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Electrochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, USA.

Journal Article: Inorganic Chemistry (impact factor: 4.66). 08/2010; 49(15):6787-9. DOI: 10.1021/ic100785r

Toward design of multiple-property inorganic-organic hybrid compounds based on face-sharing octahedral iodoplumbate chains.

we have illustrated the strategies developed to achieve inorganic-organic hybrid compounds with technologically important physical properties. A series of target inorganic-organic hybrid compounds have been accomplished by incorporating the functional organic components (with a large hyperpolarizability and luminophore Schiff base cation) into the highly polarizable one-dimensional (1-D) iodoplumbate chain network. The effect of substituent features in the phenyl ring of the Schiff base cation on its molecular conformation as well as the crystal packing structure of the hybrid compound will be discussed and the multiple physical properties (ferroelectricity, NLO and multiple band emission) will also be mentioned.

Shun-Ping Zhao, Xiao-Ming Ren

State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Science, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.

Journal Article: Dalton Transactions (impact factor: 4.08). 06/2011; 40(33):8261-72. DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01806f

Syntheses, Characterization, and Ethylene Polymerization of Titanium Complexes with Double-Duty Tridentate [ONN] Ligands

A series of titanium complexes containing the tridentate [ONN] ligands La–Lf were synthesized and characterized. The ligands Lb (8-quinolinolato-CH2NHAr; Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) has been prepared by the reduction of the corresponding imino-quinolinol compound La(8-quinolinolato-CH═NAr; Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) with LiAlH4 in high yield. Ligands Lc–Lf were synthesized by a procedure similar to that used to prepare ligand Lb. Reaction of TiCl4 with imino-quinolinol ligand La affords the six-coordinate trichloride titanium complex 1. The selective synthesis of tri- and dichlorotitanium complexes containing ligand Lb was achieved by changing the base for deprotonation. When it is deprotonated by NaH, ligand Lb can be used as a tridentate monoanionic ligand to synthesize trichlorotitanium complex 2. While deprotonated by nBuLi, it can be used as a tridentate dianionic ligand to synthesize dichlorotitanium complex 3. Other dichlorotitanium complexes 4–7 were synthesized by a procedure similar to that used to prepare complex 3. All complexes have been characterized by 1H NMR spectra and elemental analysis. The molecular structures of ligand Lb and complex 1 have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. XANES and EXAFS spectroscopy performed on the representative complexes 2 and 3 reveals the different coordination geometries. When they are activated by excess methylaluminoxane (MAO), all of the titanium complexes can be used as catalysts for ethylene polymerization and exhibit moderate to good activities. It was found that the catalytic behaviors of the title complexes were highly affected by the coordination entironment of the metal center and the effect of substituent groups on ligands.

Ping Hu (et al.). Syntheses, Characterization, and Ethylene Polymerization of Titanium Complexes with Double-Duty Tridentate [ONN] Ligands. Organometallics. American Chemical Society. Mar 1, 2012. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/om300091e

Role of the Alkali-Metal Cation Size in the Self-Assembly of Polyoxometalate-Monolayer Shells on Gold Nanoparticles

Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) was recently used to directly image the intact “solution-state” structures of POM-protected silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) in water. Those findings represented a significant contribution to the establishment of structure/reactivity relationships for POM-protected metal(0) NPs, a growing class of catalytically active nanostructures. Data obtained using 14-nm-diameter Au NPs led to a structural model involving the extensive incorporation of countercations into the POM monolayer itself. Accordingly, POM-protected metal NPs might be viewed as pivotal members in a continuumof electrostatically stabilized structures ranging from two-dimensional arrays of POMs on planar surfaces to the spherical single walls of hollow POM vesicles. If this electrostatic model is correct, the stabilities of the POM monolayers on Au NPs should vary with the nature of the integrated countercation, just as do lattice enthalpies of crystalline POM salts and energies of cation association with POMs in solution.

Polyoxometalate (POM)-monolayer stability constants, K, for three POM anions vary with the cation size, in the same order as that for increasing ion-pair formation with α-SiW11O398–in the early nucleation phase of monolayer self-assembly: Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Cs+. Cryo-TEM images demonstrating the use of the cation size to rationally control monolayer formation provide definitive evidence that the POM monolayers are electrostatically stabilized (ionic) shells, analogous in that respect to the monolayer walls of “hollow” POM-macroanion vesicles

Yifeng Wang, (et al.). Role of the Alkali-Metal Cation Size in the Self-Assembly of Polyoxometalate-Monolayer Shells on Gold Nanoparticles. Inorganic Chemistry. American Chemical Society. Apr 1, 2012. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ic300431a

novel sol-gel hybrid methyltrimethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane as solid phase extraction sorbent for organophosphorus pesticides

A novel sol-gel hybrid methyltrimethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane (MTMOS-TEOS) was produced and applied as sorbent for solid phase extraction (SPE). Five selected organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) were employed as model compounds to evaluate the extraction performance of the synthesized sol-gel organic-inorganic hybrid MTMOS-TEOS. Analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Several important SPE parameters were optimized. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the method using the sol-gel organic-inorganic hybrid MTMOS-TEOS as SPE sorbent showed good linearity in the range of 0.001-1 μg L(-1), good repeatability (RSD 2.1-3.1%, n=5), low limits of detection at S/N=3 (0.5-0.9 pg mL(-1)) and limit of quantification (1-3 pg mL(-1), S/N=10). The performance of the MTMOS-TEOS SPE was compared to commercial C18 Supelclean SPE since C18 SPE is widely used for OPPs. The MTMOS-TEOS SPE method LOD was 500-600 × lower than the LOD of commercial C18 SPE. The LOD achieved with the sol-gel organic-inorganic hybrid MTMOS-TEOS SPE sorbent allowed the detection of these OPPs in drinking water well below the level set by European Union (EU) at 0.1 μg L(-1) of each pesticides. The developed MTMOS-TEOS SPE method was successfully applied to real sample analysis of the selected OPPs from several water samples and its application extended to the analysis of several fruits samples. Excellent recoveries and RSDs of the OPPs were obtained from the various water samples (recoveries: 97-111%, RSDs 0.4-2.8%, n=3) and fruit samples (recoveries: 96-111%), RSDs 1-4%, n=5) using the sol-gel organic-inorganic hybrid MTMOS-TEOS SPE sorbent. Recoveries and RSDs of OPPs from river water samples and fruit samples using C18 Supelclean SPE sorbent were 91-97%, RSD 0.9-2.6, n=3 and 86-96%, RSD 3-8%, n=5, respectively). The novel sol-gel hybrid MTMOS-TEOS SPE sorbent demonstrate the potential as an alternative inexpensive extraction sorbent for OPPs with higher sensitivity for the OPPs.

Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim, Krishna Veni Veloo, Mohd Marsin Sanagi

Separation Science and Technology Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

Journal Article: Journal of chromatography. A (impact factor: 4.19). 03/2012; 1229:55-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.022

Fabrication of "strong" columnar Cu(2-x)Se superstructures assisted by inorganic ligands.

Cu(2-x)Se nanoplates with columnar superstructures have been synthesized via a facile, "green", phosphine-free, low-cost colloidal method. An inorganic tin(iv) selenium complex (Sn(2)Se(6))(4-) was attached on the surfaces of Cu(2-x)Se nanoplates directly during the synthesis of Cu(2-x)Se nanoplates. With the assistance of (Sn(2)Se(6))(4-) complexes, Cu(2-x)Se nanoplates showed "strong" self-assembly behavior and the stability of Cu(2-x)Se nanoplate superstructures was increased. Such columnar superstructures were still kept even if most of the coordinating organic ligands were removed by washing. The mechanism of the formation of "strong" columnar Cu(2-x)Se superstructures had been studied. We found the "strong" self-assemblies of Cu(2-x)Se nanoplates were formed only with the coexistence of oleylamine (OAM) and Sn-X in the synthesis process. The inorganic ligand not only played a key role in the construction of the "strong" columnar Cu(2-x)Se superstructure but also greatly improved their superior electrical property.

Huaibin Shen, Jinzhong Niu, Xiaomin Li, Hongzhe Wang, Ming Xing, Xia Chen, Lin Song Li Key

Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China. .

Journal Article: Nanoscale 03/2012; 4(8):2741-7. DOI: 10.1039/c2nr00057a

Facile preparation of magnetic C/TiO2/Ni composites and their photocatalytic performance for removal of a dye from water under UV light irradiation

Development of a photocatalyst with high efficiency and separability is still a challenging task in the field of wastewater treatment. In this study, new magnetic separable C/TiO(2)/Ni composite as a photocatalyst was prepared by a facile pyrolysis reaction, using powdered activated carbon (PAC), TiO(2) and Ni(Ac)(2) as precursors. The results proved that the photocatalyst (C/TiO(2)/Ni) synthesized in this work exhibited greater removal activity for Methyl Orange (MO) dye from water as compared with the commercially available well reported TiO(2) nanoparticles (P25). This significant enhancement in the photocatalytic activity for wastewater treatment due to the combination of PAC and TiO(2) could be presumed as the synergetic effect on the contacting interface of TiO(2) and PAC, and such effect was initially demonstrated by electrochemical impedance measurements. Furthermore, the trait that it consists of magnetic properties and therefore is easy to be recycled, which could be harnessed by an external magnet and may have many advantages over pure metal oxides (like TiO(2)) especially in the industrial procedures.

..

Mohammed A Gondal, Chunli Li, Xiaofeng Chang, Lek Sikong, Zain H Yamani, Qin Zhou, Fan Yang, Qin Lin

..

Physics Department and Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

..

Journal Article: Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering 03/2012; 47(4):570-6. DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.650566

Phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge with a hybrid process of low pressure wet oxidation and nanofiltration.

Phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge will become increasingly important within the next decades due to depletion of mineral phosphorus resources. In this work a new process concept was investigated, which aims at realising phosphorus recovery in a synergistic way with the overall sewage sludge treatment scheme. This process combines a low pressure wet oxidation for sewage sludge decomposition as well as phosphorus dissolution and a nanofiltration process to separate phosphorus from heavy metals and obtain a clean diluted phosphoric acid, from which phosphorus can be recovered as clean fertiliser. It was shown that this process concept is feasible for sewage sludge for wastewater treatment plants that apply enhanced biological removal or precipitation with alumina salts for phosphorus removal. The critical parameter for phosphorus dissolution in the low pressure wet oxidation process is the iron concentration, while in the nanofiltration multi-valent cations play a predominant role. In total, a phosphorus recovery of 54% was obtained for an exemplary wastewater treatment plant. Costs of the entire process are in the same range as conventional sewage sludge disposal, with the benefit being phosphorus recovery and reduced emission of greenhouse gases due to avoidance of sludge incineration.

Christoph Blöcher, Claudia Niewersch, Thomas MelinBayer Technology Services GmbH, Chempark Building E41, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany. Journal Article: Water Research (impact factor: 4.36). 04/2012; 46(6):2009-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.022

Superconductors

By definition, a superconductor exhibits no resistance to electrical conductivity, and will oppose an external magnetic field, a phenomenon referred to as the Meissner effect (Figure 1) . Many pure transition metals (e.g., Ti, Zr, Hf, Mo, W, Ru, Os, Ir, Zn, Cd, Hg) and main group metals (e.g., Al, Ga, In, Sn, Pb) exhibir superconductivity, many only when esposed to high pressure conditions. These materials are referred to as Type I or soft superconductors.

Binary and ternary alloys and oxides of these elements, as well as pure V, Nb, Gd, and Tc are referred to as Type II or high-field superconductors. In contrast to Type I, these materials exhibit conductive characteristics varyng from normal metallic to superconductive, depending on the magnitude of the external magnetic field. It is noteworthy to point out that metals with the highest electrical conductivity (e.g., Cu, Au) do not naturally possess superconductivity. Although this behavior was first discover in 1911 for supercooled liquid mercury, it was not until 1957 that a theory was developed for this phenomenon.

In order to exhibit superconductive behavior, early Type I and II materials needed to be cooled below the critical temperature (Tc) ranging from 0.015 K (for W) to 23 K (for Nb3Ge). An intriguing goal of current research is to increase the Tc to room temperature ("high-temperature superconductors", HTS), which would trivialize resistence-free aplications such as power grid lines and widespread levitated trains. In 1986, Muller and Bednorz at IBN made and important discovery toward this goal -the firsr high-temperature superconductor, La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO), with a critical temperature of 35 K. A year later, the first material with a critical point above the boling of nitrogen (77K) was discovered, known as YBa2Cu3O7-d (YBCO), with a critical point of 92 K. In more recent years, the highest-temperature cuprate based superconductors have been synthesized with a general formula: MvNwCaxCuyOz (where M=Y, Bi, Tl, or Hg; N=Ba or Sr; v=1 or 2; w=2 or 4; x=0,1, or 2; y= 1,2, or 3; z= 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, or 15). To date, the highest temperature superconductived materials are thallium (e.g., TlBa2Ca2Cu3O9, Tc= 133K), mercury (e.g., Hg0.8Tl0.2Ba2Ca2Cu3O8.33, Tc= 138K), or lead-doped (e.g., (Hg0.75Pb0.15Tl0.1)Ba2Ca2Cu3O8+, Tc= 142 K).

Reference
Fahlman, Bradley D. Materials Chemistry. Reprinted 2008. Springer. Pages 38-39.

Mechanism of Water Oxidation to Molecular Oxygen with Osmocene as Photocatalyst: A Theoretical Study

Catalytic water oxidation to molecular oxygen is of fundamental importance to natural and artificial photosynthesis. The direct sunlight-driven splitting of water into O₂ and H₂ is anticipated as one of the most promising strategies for providing environmentally friendly and renewable energy sources.Photoinduced O₂evolution from the [Cp₂Os–OH]⁺ complex in aqueous solution has been studied by the DFT, CASSCF, and CASPT2 methods. The CASPT2//CASSCF calculations predict that the S₃ state is initially populated and the subsequent deprotonation of [Cp₂Os–OH]⁺ proceeds very easily along the T₁ pathway as a result of the efficient S₃ → T₁intersystem crossing. It is found that the O–O bond is formed via the acid–base mechanism, which is different from the direct oxo–oxo coupling mechanism suggested in the experimental study. Formation of the O–O bond is the rate-determining step and has an activation energy and activation free energy of 81.3 and 90.4 kcal/mol, respectively. This is consistent with the low quantum yield observed for generating molecular oxygen upon irradiation at 350 nm (aprox.82 kcal/mol). The O₂ release from an intermediate complex has to overcome a small barrier on the triplet pathway first and then pass through the triplet–singlet intersection, generating the O₂ molecules in either the lowest singlet or triplet state. The formed O₂ molecule can be converted into the O₂ molecule by the heavy atom effect in the Os complexes, which is probably the reason only the O₂molecule was detected experimentally.

Yue Chen (et al.).Mechanism of Water Oxidation to Molecular Oxygen with Osmocene as Photocatalyst: A Theoretical Study. Inorganic Chemistry. American Chemical Society. Apr 1, 2012.http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ic202097c

From Lithium Bis(trimethylsilyl)amide with Cyanoamine into Triazine Compounds: Synthesis and Structures of Lithium 6-((Trimethylsilyl)amido)-2,4-bis(d

1,3,5-Triazine heterocyclic π-conjugated systems are attractive and versatile for their structures and applications in medicinal chemistry, materials chemistry, and organic synthesis. Accordingly, the 2,4,6-trisubstituted 1,3,5-triazines have attracted much interest. 2,4,6-Triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine derivatives have been largely explored, and pyridyl-substituted 1,3,5-triazines such as 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazines have been extensively referenced. Recently, lanthanide 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine complexes with visible light luminescence were reported. 2,4,6-Trimercapto-1,3,5-triazine can be used in wastewater treatment to remove heavy metals and also to prepare polynuclear trithiocyanurato-bridged metal complexes bearing bidentate chelating N and S heterocycles. Triprotic 2,4,6-tris(organoamino)-1,3,5-triazenes are promising potential multisite ligands. Moreover, several 1,2,4-triazines, bi(1,2,4-triazines), or transition-metal complexes with disubstituted triazine-based ligands and bi(1,3,5-triazine)ligands were also prepared. However, new and effective syntheses of 1,3,5-triazine heterocyclic rings under mild conditions are still of significance in modern organometallic and organic chemistry; moreover, organometallic derivatives of triazine are scarce and the numbers of accessible heterocyclic skeletons are still limited.

Addition reactions of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide with dimethylcyanamide lead to novel lithium salts of 6-((trimethylsilyl)amido)-2,4-bis(dimethylamino)[1,3,5]triazines [LLi(D)]₂ (L = NC(NMe₂)NC(NMe₂)NC(NSiMe₃); D = Me₂NCN (1), Et₂O (2)) and to the Mn and Co complexes [LL′M] (L′ = N{N(SiMe₃)C(NMe₂)}₂; M = Mn (3), Co (4)). Their formation involves trimethylsilyl shifts, ring formation, and unusual Me₂NSiMe₃ elimination.

Meisu Zhou (et al.).From Lithium Bis(trimethylsilyl)amide with Cyanoamine into Triazine Compounds: Synthesis and Structures of Lithium 6-((Trimethylsilyl)amido)-2,4-bis(dimethylamino)[1,3,5]triazines and Their Manganese and Cobalt Complexes. Inorganic Chemistry. American Chemical Society. Apr 1, 2012. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ic201629a

Metal–Organic Frameworks with Phosphotungstate Incorporated for Hydrolytic Cleavage of a DNA-Model Phosphodiester

Five phosphotungstate-incorporated metal–organic frameworks

{[Eu₄(dpdo)₉(H₂O)₁₆PW₁₂O₄₀]}(PW₁₂O₄₀)₂·(dpdo)₃·Cl₃ (1); {ZnNa₂(μ-

OH)(dpdo)₄(H₂O)₄[PW₁₂O₄₀]}·3H₂O (2); {Zn₃(dpdo)₇}[PW₁₂O₄₀]₂·3H₂O (3); and [Ln₂H(μ-O)₂(dpdo)₄(H₂O)₂][PW₁₂O₄₀]·3H₂O (Ln = Ho for 4 and Yb for5) (dpdo = 4,4′-bipyridine-N,N′-dioxide) have been synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal reaction and characterized by elemental analyses, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). The structural analyses indicate that 1–5 display diversity structure from one-dimensional (1D) to three-dimensional (3D) series of hybrids. Kinetic experiments for the hydrolytic cleavage of DNA-model phosphodiester BNPP (bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate) were followed spectrophotometrically for the absorbance increase at 400 nm in EPPS (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-propane sulfonic acid) buffer solution, because of the formation of p-nitrophenoxide with 1–5 under conditions of pH 4.0 and 50 °C. Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy indicate that the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond proceeds with the pseudo-first-order rate constant in the range of 10^–7–10^–6 s^–1, giving an inorganic phosphate and p-nitrophenol as the final products of hydrolysis. The results demonstrate that 1–5 have good catalytic activity and reusability for hydrolytic cleavage of BNPP.

Qiuxia Han (et al.). Metal–Organic Frameworks with Phosphotungstate Incorporated for Hydrolytic Cleavage of a DNA-Model Phosphodieste. American Chemical Society. Apr 1, 2012. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ic202685e

Iron-Catalyzed Chlorination of Silanes

7/abril/2012

Paulina Levario

A simple and highly efficient iron-catalyzed method for the chlorination of silanes has been developed. By use of 0.5–2% of the Fe(III)-based catalyst FeCl₃ or Fe(acac)₃ in the presence of 1–1.5 equiv of acetyl chloride as the chlorine donor, a large number of silanes, alkoxysilanes, and silanols were converted to the corresponding chlorosilanes in 50–93% yields. In contrast to earlier reported methods often suffering from expensive catalysts or use of stoichiometric metal salts, hazardous reagents, and reaction conditions, the presently described methodology allows benign reaction conditions and simple workup while using only catalytic amounts of a readily available and economically viable iron catalyst.

For more information:

Iron-Catalyzed Chlorination of Silanes

Risto Savela, Wojciech Zawartka, and Reko Leino

Organometallics Article ASAP

Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Åbo, Finland

DOI: 10.1021/om300066v

Publication Date (Web): April 5, 2012

Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/om300066v